Glrx glutaredoxin [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Glrxprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: glutaredoxinprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:70951
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000012183 AllianceGenome:RGD:70951
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Grx; Glrx1
Summary: Enables glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to estradiol stimulus; positive regulation of secretion by cell; and regulation of signal transduction. Located in dendrite and neuronal cell body. Biomarker of obesity and transient cerebral ischemia. Orthologous to human GLRX (glutaredoxin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 173.1), Liver (RPKM 153.8) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2q11

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	2	NC_086020.1 (7073737..7083548)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	2	NC_051337.1 (5341873..5351686)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	2	NC_005101.4 (2606032..2615944)

Chromosome 2 - NC_086020.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Grx1 decreases by ~40% in 2-yr-old Fischer 344 rat hearts vs 6-mo-old controls. Grx1 knockdown in H9c2 cardiomyocytes increases apoptosis, & decreases NFkappaB transcription,& production of Bcl-2 & Bcl-xL.
Title: Glutaredoxin regulates apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via NFkappaB targets Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL: implications for cardiac aging.
study reports Cys23 of thioltransferase is an essential residue for catalytic activity & the other Cys26 is also important but Cys79 & Cys83 were not essential; for protection of cells from oxidative stress active thioltransferase is essential
Title: Site-directed mutagenesis of rat thioltransferase: effects of essential cysteine residues for the protection against oxidative stress.
The role of GRX-1 in NADPH-stimulated beta-cell exocytosis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, is reported.
Title: Glutaredoxin-1 mediates NADPH-dependent stimulation of calcium-dependent insulin secretion.
NO increased the S-glutathiolation of SERCA, and adenoviral overexpression of glutaredoxin-1 prevented both the HNO-stimulated oxidative modification of SERCA and its activation.
Title: Nitroxyl activates SERCA in cardiac myocytes via glutathiolation of cysteine 674.
interleukin-6 increased Grx1 and ICAM-1 in the rMC-1 cells.
Title: Glutaredoxin regulates autocrine and paracrine proinflammatory responses in retinal glial (muller) cells.
The presence of enzyme activity in subcellular organelles in brain and liver and in mitochondria demonstrates functional glutaredoxin activity.
Title: Functional glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) activity in rat brain and liver mitochondria.
Glutaredoxin exerts an antiapoptotic effect by regulating the redox state of Akt
Title: Glutaredoxin exerts an antiapoptotic effect by regulating the redox state of Akt.
NADPH/glutaredoxin/thioredoxin redox regulation mediates a novel signaling pathway of nutrient-induced insulin secretion.
Title: Redox control of exocytosis: regulatory role of NADPH, thioredoxin, and glutaredoxin.
role of Grx in the maintenance of functional oocytes and in luteal cells surviving the regression process
Title: Expression of glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) in the rat ovary during the oestrous cycle and postnatal development.

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General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables sodium channel regulator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cellular response to estradiol stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in ovulation cycle process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of exocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of membrane potential	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ischemia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendrite	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glutaredoxin-1

Names: TTase-1; glutaredoxin (thioltransferase); glutaredoxin 1 (thioltransferase); thioltransferase-1

NP_071614.1

EC 1.8.4.1

XP_038958961.1

EC 1.8.4.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_022278.1 → NP_071614.1 glutaredoxin-1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_071614.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

AF167981

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q99PB7, Q9ESH6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6I4F1

Related

ENSRNOP00000016372.2, ENSRNOT00000016372.7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

TIGR02180
Location:15 → 99

GRX_euk; Glutaredoxin

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086020.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

7073737..7083548

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_039103033.2 → XP_038958961.1 glutaredoxin-1 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q99PB7, Q9ESH6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6I4F1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

TIGR02180
Location:15 → 99

GRX_euk; Glutaredoxin