PLAU plasminogen activator, urokinase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PLAUprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: plasminogen activator, urokinaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9052
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000122861 MIM:191840; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9052
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: ATF; QPD; UPA; URK; u-PA; BDPLT5
Summary: This gene encodes a secreted serine protease that converts plasminogen to plasmin. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate A and B polypeptide chains. These chains associate via a single disulfide bond to form the catalytically inactive high molecular weight urokinase-type plasminogen activator (HMW-uPA). HMW-uPA can be further processed into the catalytically active low molecular weight urokinase-type plasminogen activator (LMW-uPA). This low molecular weight form does not bind to the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Quebec platelet disorder and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
Expression: Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 23.1), urinary bladder (RPKM 22.7) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 10q22.2

Exon count:: 12

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	10	NC_000010.11 (73909164..73917494)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	10	NC_060934.1 (74779718..74788885)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	10	NC_000010.10 (75670890..75677252)

Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Bioinformatics Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of PLAU Gene in Wilms' Tumor.
Title: Bioinformatics Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of PLAU Gene in Wilms' Tumor.
PLAU, transcriptionally negatively regulated by GATA6, promotes lung squamous carcinoma cell proliferation and migration.
Title: PLAU, transcriptionally negatively regulated by GATA6, promotes lung squamous carcinoma cell proliferation and migration.
PLAU promotes cell proliferation and migration of head and neck cancer via STAT3 signaling pathway.
Title: PLAU promotes cell proliferation and migration of head and neck cancer via STAT3 signaling pathway.
Gene Association Study of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Its Receptor Gene in Alzheimer's Disease.
Title: Gene Association Study of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Its Receptor Gene in Alzheimer's Disease.
Inflammatory cytokines and oral lichen planus: a Mendelian randomization study.
Title: Inflammatory cytokines and oral lichen planus: a Mendelian randomization study.
Pan-cancer analysis of PLAU indicates its potential prognostic value and correlation with neutrophil infiltration in BLCA.
Title: Pan-cancer analysis of PLAU indicates its potential prognostic value and correlation with neutrophil infiltration in BLCA.
Prognostic evaluation of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on pleiotrophin, urokinase plasminogen activator, and glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B expression.
Title: Prognostic evaluation of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on pleiotrophin, urokinase plasminogen activator, and glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B expression.
PLAU contributes to the development of cholangiocarcinoma via activating NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
Title: PLAU contributes to the development of cholangiocarcinoma via activating NF-κB signaling pathway.
Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in the PKCalpha-p38 MAPK pathway-mediated progression of human liver cancer cells.
Title: Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in the PKCα-p38 MAPK pathway-mediated progression of human liver cancer cells.
Recent Advances in Targeting the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator with Nanotherapeutics.
Title: Recent Advances in Targeting the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator with Nanotherapeutics.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (451)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Alzheimer disease type 1 MedGen: C1863052 OMIM: 104300 GeneReviews: Alzheimer Disease Overview	Compare labs
Quebec platelet disorder MedGen: C1866423 OMIM: 601709 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a proteinase that activates plasminogen, cleaves HIV-1 gp120 within the V3 loop	PubMed
Pr55(Gag)	gag	The amino-terminal fragment of urokinase-type plasminogen activator is hypothesized to inhibit the assembly of HIV-1 Gag and the budding of HIV-1 from infected cells	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat and methamphetamine enhance the release of MMP-1, MMP-2, and uPA from human brain cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat affects the fibrinolytic activity of tumor cell lines derived from BKV/tat-transgenic mice by upregulating/modulating the production of both urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)	PubMed
Vif	vif	HIV-1 Vif upregulates the expression of plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU) in Vif-expression T cells	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

PMC229370P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272175

PLAU (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:266574

RH92165 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:85102

SHGC-31374 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:18290

GDB:181547 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155273

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables serine-type endopeptidase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables serine-type endopeptidase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in blood coagulation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in chemotaxis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in fibrinolysis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in fibrinolysis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in negative regulation of fibrinolysis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of plasminogen activation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in plasminogen activation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in plasminogen activation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in proteolysis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of fibrinolysis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of plasminogen activation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of signaling receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of wound healing	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in smooth muscle cell migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in urokinase plasminogen activator signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in external side of plasma membrane	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in focal adhesion	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
part_of protein complex involved in cell-matrix adhesion	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
part_of serine protease inhibitor complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
part_of serine-type endopeptidase complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
located_in specific granule membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in tertiary granule membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: urokinase-type plasminogen activator

Names: U-plasminogen activator; plasminogen activator, urinary

NP_001138503.2

EC 3.4.21.73

NP_001306120.2

EC 3.4.21.73

NP_002649.2

EC 3.4.21.73

XP_011538168.1

EC 3.4.21.73

XP_047281309.1

EC 3.4.21.73

XP_054222066.1

EC 3.4.21.73

XP_054222067.1

EC 3.4.21.73

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_011904.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5001..11398

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_593

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001145031.3 → NP_001138503.2 urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at an alternate start site compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus, and lacks a predicted signal peptide compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AB208961, AK298560, AL596247, BC013575, DC349055

Consensus CDS

CCDS44442.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E7ET40, Q5PY49

Related

ENSP00000388474.1, ENST00000446342.5
NM_001319191.2 → NP_001306120.2 urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform 3

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at a downstream start site compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter N-terminus and lacks a predicted signal peptide compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AB208961, AK297940, AL596247, BC013575

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B4DNJ4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00108
Location:1 → 66

KR; Kringle domain; Kringle domains are believed to play a role in binding mediators, such as peptides, other proteins, membranes, or phospholipids. They are autonomous structural domains, found in a varying number of copies, in blood clotting and ...

cd00190
Location:93 → 336

Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...
NM_002658.6 → NP_002649.2 urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform 1 preproprotein

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AB208961, AL596247, BC013575, DC349055

Consensus CDS

CCDS7339.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B4DPZ2, P00749, Q15844, Q16618, Q53XS3, Q5SWW9, Q969W6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R7F2

Related

ENSP00000361850.3, ENST00000372764.4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00108
Location:67 → 152

KR; Kringle domain; Kringle domains are believed to play a role in binding mediators, such as peptides, other proteins, membranes, or phospholipids. They are autonomous structural domains, found in a varying number of copies, in blood clotting and ...

cd00190
Location:179 → 422

Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

73909164..73917494

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011539866.3 → XP_011538168.1 urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011538168.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B4DPZ2, P00749, Q15844, Q16618, Q53XS3, Q5SWW9, Q969W6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R7F2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00108
Location:67 → 152

KR; Kringle domain; Kringle domains are believed to play a role in binding mediators, such as peptides, other proteins, membranes, or phospholipids. They are autonomous structural domains, found in a varying number of copies, in blood clotting and ...

cd00190
Location:179 → 422

Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...
XM_047425353.1 → XP_047281309.1 urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B4DPZ2, P00749, Q15844, Q16618, Q53XS3, Q5SWW9, Q969W6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R7F2

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Range

74779718..74788885

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_054366092.1 → XP_054222067.1 urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R7F2
XM_054366091.1 → XP_054222066.1 urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R7F2