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    Mill2 MHC I like leukocyte 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 243864, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Mill2provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    MHC I like leukocyte 2provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:2179989
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000040987 AllianceGenome:MGI:2179989
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Micb
    Summary
    Predicted to enable natural killer cell lectin-like receptor binding activity and receptor ligand activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent; antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib; and positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. Located in external side of plasma membrane. Orthologous to human MICA (MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A) and MICB (MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Broad expression in bladder adult (RPKM 6.2), lung adult (RPKM 3.8) and 15 other tissues See more
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    Genomic context

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    See Mill2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    7 A3; 7 9.35 cM
    Exon count:
    9
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 7 NC_000073.7 (18573878..18603621)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 7 NC_000073.6 (18839958..18869696)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene predicted gene, 36044 Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K pseudogene Neighboring gene peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 Neighboring gene coiled-coil domain containing 61 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E66

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Structure of MHC class I-like MILL2 reveals heparan-sulfate binding and interdomain flexibility. Kajikawa M, et al. Nat Commun, 2018 Oct 18. PMID 30337538, Free PMC Article
    2. A role for the MHC class I-like Mill molecules in nutrient metabolism and wound healing. Rabinovich BA, et al. Immunol Cell Biol, 2008 Aug-Sep. PMID 18560379
    3. Reversal of epigenetic silencing of MHC class I chain-related protein A and B improves immune recognition of Merkel cell carcinoma. Ritter C, et al. Sci Rep, 2016 Feb 23. PMID 26902929, Free PMC Article
    4. The inhibitory effects of synthetic short peptides, mimicking MICA and targeting at NKG2D receptors, on function of NK cells. Zhang B, et al. Peptides, 2005 Mar. PMID 15652646
    5. MHC class I-like MILL molecules are beta2-microglobulin-associated, GPI-anchored glycoproteins that do not require TAP for cell surface expression. Kajikawa M, et al. J Immunol, 2006 Sep 1. PMID 16920948

    See all (18) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. MILL2 has a unique structural architecture and physiological role, with binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on fibroblasts possibly regulating cellular recruitment in biological events.
      Title: Structure of MHC class I-like MILL2 reveals heparan-sulfate binding and interdomain flexibility.
    2. Reversal of epigenetic silencing of MICA and MICB improves immune recognition and killing of Merkel cell carcinoma cells.
      Title: Reversal of epigenetic silencing of MHC class I chain-related protein A and B improves immune recognition of Merkel cell carcinoma.
    3. Our results suggest a role for the Mill proteins in cellular metabolism, with possible therapeutic significance.
      Title: A role for the MHC class I-like Mill molecules in nutrient metabolism and wound healing.
    4. Mill1 and Mill2 genes are predicted to encode membrane glycoproteins with domain organization essentially similar to that of MHC class I heavy chains.
      Title: A family of MHC class I-like genes located in the vicinity of the mouse leukocyte receptor complex.
    5. two members of the mouse MILL family, MILL1 and MILL2, are GPI-anchored glycoproteins associated with beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)
      Title: MHC class I-like MILL molecules are beta2-microglobulin-associated, GPI-anchored glycoproteins that do not require TAP for cell surface expression.
    6. analysis of functional sites in NKG2D-MICA interaction in mouse and human
      Title: The inhibitory effects of synthetic short peptides, mimicking MICA and targeting at NKG2D receptors, on function of NK cells.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (4) 

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables natural killer cell lectin-like receptor binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables receptor ligand activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cell surface ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in external side of plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in external side of plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in plasma membrane ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    MHC class I-like protein MILL2
    Names
    MHC class I-like located near the LRC, 2
    MHC class I-like located near the leukocyte receptor complex 2
    VMHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_153760.2 → NP_715641.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform short precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_715641.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC153651
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS20879.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8HWE6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000072246.7, ENSMUST00000072415.9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cl08246
      Location:36 → 203
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
      cl11960
      Location:215 → 297
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    2. NM_153761.3 → NP_715642.2  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform long precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_715642.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC153651
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS20880.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8HWE5, Q8HWE6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000072223.5, ENSMUST00000072386.11
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd00096
      Location:230 → 237
      Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]
      cl08246
      Location:51 → 218
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
      cl11960
      Location:230 → 312
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000073.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      18573878..18603621
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_036153081.1 → XP_036008974.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X5

    2. XM_006539934.5 → XP_006539997.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X3

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cl08246
      Location:31 → 115
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
      cl11960
      Location:127 → 209
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    3. XM_030242560.2 → XP_030098420.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X3

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cl08246
      Location:31 → 115
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
      cl11960
      Location:127 → 209
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    4. XM_006539932.3 → XP_006539995.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006539995.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8HWE5, Q8HWE6
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd00096
      Location:230 → 237
      Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]
      cl08246
      Location:51 → 218
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
      cl11960
      Location:230 → 312
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    5. XM_017322234.1 → XP_017177723.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8HWE5, Q8HWE6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000154268.2, ENSMUST00000228493.2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd00096
      Location:230 → 237
      Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]
      cl08246
      Location:51 → 218
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
      cl11960
      Location:230 → 312
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    6. XM_030242559.1 → XP_030098419.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X2

      Related
      ENSMUSP00000154222.2, ENSMUST00000227379.2
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cl08246
      Location:36 → 203
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
      cl11960
      Location:215 → 297
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    7. XM_006539933.4 → XP_006539996.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006539996.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8HWE6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cl08246
      Location:36 → 203
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
      cl11960
      Location:215 → 297
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    8. XM_017322235.3 → XP_017177724.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X4

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cl08246
      Location:6 → 95
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
      cl11960
      Location:107 → 189
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q8HWE5.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8HWE5

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