MIR221 microRNA 221 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: MIR221provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: microRNA 221provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:31601
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000207870 MIM:300568; miRBase:MI0000298; AllianceGenome:HGNC:31601
Gene type: ncRNA
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: MIRN221; mir-221; miRNA221
Summary: microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
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Genomic context

Location:: Xp11.3

Exon count:: 1

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	X	NC_000023.11 (45746157..45746266, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	X	NC_060947.1 (45155612..45155721, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	X	NC_000023.10 (45605585..45605694, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_000023.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Knockdown of CDX2 Induces microRNA-221 Up-regulation in Human Colon Cancer Cells.
Title: Knockdown of CDX2 Induces microRNA-221 Up-regulation in Human Colon Cancer Cells.
Spheroid architecture strongly enhances miR-221/222 expression and promotes oxidative phosphorylation in an ovarian cancer cell line through a mechanism that includes restriction of miR-9 expression.
Title: Spheroid architecture strongly enhances miR-221/222 expression and promotes oxidative phosphorylation in an ovarian cancer cell line through a mechanism that includes restriction of miR-9 expression.
MicroRNA-221-3p inhibits the inflammatory response of keratinocytes by regulating the DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling pathway to promote wound healing in diabetes.
Title: MicroRNA-221-3p inhibits the inflammatory response of keratinocytes by regulating the DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling pathway to promote wound healing in diabetes.
An approach for an enhanced anticancer activity of ferulic acid-loaded polymeric micelles via MicroRNA-221 mediated activation of TP53INP1 in caco-2 cell line.
Title: An approach for an enhanced anticancer activity of ferulic acid-loaded polymeric micelles via MicroRNA-221 mediated activation of TP53INP1 in caco-2 cell line.
MiRNA-21a, miRNA-145, and miRNA-221 Expression and Their Correlations with WNT Proteins in Patients with Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.
Title: MiRNA-21a, miRNA-145, and miRNA-221 Expression and Their Correlations with WNT Proteins in Patients with Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.
MicroRNA-221-3p promotes post-burn HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by regulating CDKN1B.
Title: MicroRNA-221-3p promotes post-burn HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by regulating CDKN1B.
Circulating hsa-miR-221 as a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of diabetic nephropathy.
Title: Circulating hsa-miR-221 as a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of diabetic nephropathy.
Reduced expression of miR-221 is associated with the pro-apoptotic pathways in spermatozoa of oligospermia men.
Title: Reduced expression of miR-221 is associated with the pro-apoptotic pathways in spermatozoa of oligospermia men.
miR-221-3p targets Ang-2 to inhibit the transformation of HCMECs to tip cells.
Title: miR-221-3p targets Ang-2 to inhibit the transformation of HCMECs to tip cells.
The predictive value of MiR-221 in cancer chemoresistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Title: The predictive value of MiR-221 in cancer chemoresistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (379)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
enables mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation by host of viral genome replication	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of double-strand break repair	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-21 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of necroptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of Schwann cell migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of axon regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell migration	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to glucose	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of RISC complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
NOT located_in extracellular space	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular vesicle	HDA more info	PubMed

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.