PTGES prostaglandin E synthase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PTGESprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: prostaglandin E synthaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9599
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000148344 MIM:605172; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9599
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: PGES; MPGES; PIG12; PP102; PP1294; MGST-IV; MGST1L1; TP53I12; mPGES-1; MGST1-L1
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53 induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Biased expression in placenta (RPKM 28.7), urinary bladder (RPKM 13.8) and 12 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 9q34.11

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	9	NC_000009.12 (129738349..129753042, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	9	NC_060933.1 (141942947..141957638, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	9	NC_000009.11 (132500628..132515321, complement)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Targeting PTGES/PGE2 axis enhances sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil.
Title: Targeting PTGES/PGE2 axis enhances sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil.
PTGES Expression Is Associated with Metabolic and Immune Reprogramming in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
Title: PTGES Expression Is Associated with Metabolic and Immune Reprogramming in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
Clinical data mining reveals analgesic effects of lapatinib in cancer patients.
Title: Clinical data mining reveals analgesic effects of lapatinib in cancer patients.
Studied the role that microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays in cell migration in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease. Results showed mPGES-1 derived PGE2 decreased the relative expression of EP2 and ARP2/3 and caused damage to cytoskeleton.
Title: MPGES-1 derived PGE2 inhibits cell migration by regulating ARP2/3 in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease.
We found that PTGES is overexpressed in the first stages of AGA.
Title: Prostaglandins in androgenetic alopecia in 12 men and four female.
mPGES-1 is induced in dopaminergic neurons of postmortem Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and PD model mice. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is a critical factor in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
Title: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is a critical factor in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
Atherosclerotic plaque constituents 27-hydroxycholesterol and 4-hydroxynonenal cause up-regulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1.
Title: Up-regulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 by 27-hydroxycholesterol and 4-hydroxynonenal: A crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque instability.
The DHEA metabolite 7beta-hydroxy-epiandrosterone exerts anti-estrogenic effects on breast cancer cell lines.
Title: The DHEA metabolite 7β-hydroxy-epiandrosterone exerts anti-estrogenic effects on breast cancer cell lines.
study reveals that upregulation of PGES via TLR3 is critical for BM-MSCs-mediated immunosuppression by PGE2 secretion via the COX-2/PGE2 pathway.
Title: Involvement of TLR3-Dependent PGES Expression in Immunosuppression by Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Down-regulation of mPGES-1 has been noted in the infrapatellar fat pad of osteoarthritis patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Title: Down-regulation of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 in the infrapatellar fat pad of osteoarthritis patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (123)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 upregulates the expression of prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES) in peptide-treated PBMCs	PubMed
capsid	gag	Immunosuppressive peptides corresponding to HIV-1 Capsid amino acids 218-238 upregulate prostaglandin E2 production and induce IL-10 secretion	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D11S2921 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:152074

D8S2279 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473907

D11S3665 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:152899

PTGES_2305 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:280934

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables glutathione binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutathione peroxidase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutathione transferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables prostaglandin-D synthase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cell population proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of fever generation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in sensory perception of pain	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in signal transduction	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nuclear envelope lumen	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: prostaglandin E synthase

Names: MGST1-like 1; glutathione S-transferase 1-like 1; glutathione peroxidase PTGES; glutathione transferase PTGES; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like 1; microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1; p53-induced apoptosis protein 12; p53-induced gene 12 protein; tumor protein p53 inducible protein 12

NP_004869.1

EC 2.5.1.18

EC 5.3.99.3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_004878.5 → NP_004869.1 prostaglandin E synthase

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004869.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL590369, BC008280

Consensus CDS

CCDS6927.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O14684, O14900, Q5SZC0

Related

ENSP00000342385.4, ENST00000340607.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01124
Location:16 → 146

MAPEG; MAPEG family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

129738349..129753042 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Range

141942947..141957638 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

NM_198797.1: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_198797.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.