Bco2 beta-carotene oxygenase 2 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Bco2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: beta-carotene oxygenase 2provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:2177469
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000032066 AllianceGenome:MGI:2177469
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: CMO2; Bcdo2; Bcmo2; B-diox-II
Summary: Enables beta,beta-carotene-9',10'-cleaving oxygenase activity. Involved in isoprenoid catabolic process; regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential; and regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process. Acts upstream of or within retinal metabolic process and xanthophyll metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. Is expressed in brain; embryo; liver; placenta; and yolk sac. Orthologous to human BCO2 (beta-carotene oxygenase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in large intestine adult (RPKM 6.0), duodenum adult (RPKM 3.1) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 9 A5.3; 9 27.74 cM

Exon count:: 14

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	9	NC_000075.7 (50444387..50466513, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	9	NC_000075.6 (50533087..50555214, complement)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000075.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Lutein and zeaxanthin reduce A2E and iso-A2E levels and improve visual performance in Abca4(-/-)/Bco2(-/-) double knockout mice.
Title: Lutein and zeaxanthin reduce A2E and iso-A2E levels and improve visual performance in Abca4(-/-)/Bco2(-/-) double knockout mice.
beta-carotene oxygenase 2 deficiency-triggered mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
Title: β-carotene oxygenase 2 deficiency-triggered mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
provided novel experimental evidence that BCO1 and BCO2 could play a significant role in maintaining normal hepatic lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, potentially through the regulation of the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 pathway
Title: Ablation of carotenoid cleavage enzymes (BCO1 and BCO2) induced hepatic steatosis by altering the farnesoid X receptor/miR-34a/sirtuin 1 pathway.
BCO2 regulates hypothalamic mitochondrial function, nutrient metabolism, and local oxidative stress and inflammation.
Title: Ablation of β,β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase 2 remodels the hypothalamic metabolome leading to metabolic disorders in mice.
Loss of BCO2 induces mitochondrial hyperactivation, mitochondrial stress, and changes of the mitochondrial proteome, leading to mitochondrial energy insufficiency. BCO2 appears to be critical for proper hepatic mitochondrial function.
Title: Lack of β, β-carotene-9', 10'-oxygenase 2 leads to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular oxidative stress in mice.
Role of beta-Carotene 9,10-Dioxygenase in Macular Pigment Metabolism
Title: Characterization of the Role of β-Carotene 9,10-Dioxygenase in Macular Pigment Metabolism.
Both lycopene and APO10LA supplementation were effective in reducing high saturated fat-induced liver steatosis in mice where BCO2 expression was absent.
Title: Lycopene and apo-10'-lycopenoic acid have differential mechanisms of protection against hepatic steatosis in β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase knockout male mice.
Data from knockout mice suggest that regulation of hepatic gene expression by dietary factors (here, supplementation with lycopene or tomato powder nutraceuticals) is dependent on Bco2.
Title: β-Carotene-9',10'-oxygenase status modulates the impact of dietary tomato and lycopene on hepatic nuclear receptor-, stress-, and metabolism-related gene expression in mice.
Pleiotropic actions of carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase supporting a strong role of these protein in regulating tissue carotenoid accumulation as well as tomato carotenoid-independent regulation of lipid metabolism.
Title: Genetic ablation of carotene oxygenases and consumption of lycopene or tomato powder diets modulate carotenoid and lipid metabolism in mice.
a stepwise cleavage by BCO2 and BCO1 with APO10ol as an intermediate could provide a mechanism to tailor asymmetric carotenoids such as beta-cryptoxanthin for vitamin A production.
Title: Two carotenoid oxygenases contribute to mammalian provitamin A metabolism.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (3)
Targeted (1) 1 citation

General gene information

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Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:484920

D0M9Mit70 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:131956

D9Mit70 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:131956

D9Mit70.1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:131957

Bco2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547964

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 9,10 (9', 10')-carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables beta,beta-carotene-9',10'-cleaving oxygenase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables carotenoid dioxygenase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in carotene catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in carotene catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in carotene catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in carotene metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in carotene metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in carotenoid metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in lutein catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in lycopene catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in retinal metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within retinal metabolic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in retinal metabolic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in retinoic acid metabolic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in xanthophyll catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within xanthophyll metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in zeaxanthin catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial

Names: b,b-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase; beta,beta-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase; beta-carotene 9', 10'-dioxygenase 2; beta-carotene dioxygenase 2; beta-diox-II

NP_001346539.1

EC 1.13.11.71

NP_573480.1

EC 1.13.11.71

XP_006510107.1

EC 1.13.11.71

XP_006510108.1

EC 1.13.11.71

XP_006510109.1

EC 1.13.11.71

XP_006510110.1

EC 1.13.11.71

XP_030099935.1

EC 1.13.11.71

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001359610.1 → NP_001346539.1 carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform 2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC127254

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03055
Location:20 → 485

RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein
NM_133217.3 → NP_573480.1 carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_573480.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC127254, BB624957, BC107006, CB527507

Consensus CDS

CCDS40620.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q99NF1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3KNZ2

Related

ENSMUSP00000112727.2, ENSMUST00000119103.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03055
Location:20 → 531

RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000075.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

50444387..50466513 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006510047.5 → XP_006510110.1 carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03055
Location:20 → 485

RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein
XM_030244075.2 → XP_030099935.1 carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03055
Location:1 → 341

RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein
XM_006510045.2 → XP_006510108.1 carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006510108.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q99NF1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3KNZ2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03055
Location:20 → 531

RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein
XM_006510044.5 → XP_006510107.1 carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006510107.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q99NF1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3KNZ2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03055
Location:20 → 531

RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein
XM_006510046.5 → XP_006510109.1 carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006510109.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q99NF1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3KNZ2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03055
Location:20 → 531

RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein