PKN2 protein kinase N2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PKN2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: protein kinase N2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9406
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000065243 MIM:602549; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9406
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: PAK2; PRK2; STK7; Pak-2; PRKCL2; PRO2042
Summary: Enables RNA polymerase binding activity; histone deacetylase binding activity; and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including apical junction assembly; positive regulation of cell cycle; and positive regulation of viral genome replication. Located in several cellular components, including cleavage furrow; cytoskeleton; and midbody. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in ovary (RPKM 11.1), duodenum (RPKM 10.9) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1p22.2

Exon count:: 24

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	1	NC_000001.11 (88684273..88836255)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	1	NC_060925.1 (88527688..88679643)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	1	NC_000001.10 (89149956..89301938)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Increased PKN2 and M2-Polarized Macrophages Promote HCT116 Cell Invasion.
Title: Increased PKN2 and M2-Polarized Macrophages Promote HCT116 Cell Invasion.
Genome-Wide Association Study for Idiopathic Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Identifies Key Role of CCR7 and PKN2 in Calcium Homeostasis and Cardiac Rhythm Maintenance.
Title: Genome-Wide Association Study for Idiopathic Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Identifies Key Role of CCR7 and PKN2 in Calcium Homeostasis and Cardiac Rhythm Maintenance.
LINC00668 cooperated with HuR dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis.
Title: LINC00668 cooperated with HuR dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis.
Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm.
Title: Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm.
Protein kinase N2 mediates flow-induced endothelial NOS activation and vascular tone regulation.
Title: Protein kinase N2 mediates flow-induced endothelial NOS activation and vascular tone regulation.
Novel roles of PRK1 and PRK2 in cilia and cancer biology.
Title: Novel roles of PRK1 and PRK2 in cilia and cancer biology.
The expression of PKN2 in colon cancer cells suppresses tumor associated M2 macrophage polarization and tumor growth.
Title: PKN2 in colon cancer cells inhibits M2 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via regulating DUSP6-Erk1/2 pathway.
Steady-state kinetic analysis revealed that PKN1-3 follows a sequential ordered Bi-Bi kinetic mechanism, where peptide substrate binding is preceded by ATP binding. This kinetic mechanism was confirmed by additional kinetic studies for product inhibition and affinity of small molecule inhibitors.
Title: Enzyme kinetics and distinct modulation of the protein kinase N family of kinases by lipid activators and small molecule inhibitors.
PKN2 knockdown in vitro decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, incorporation into glycogen, and oxidation. Thus, PKN2 alters key signaling pathways and transcriptional networks to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.
Title: Protein kinase N2 regulates AMP kinase signaling and insulin responsiveness of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle.
Helicobacter pylori CagA interacts with PRK2 and inhibits its kinase activity.
Title: CagA of Helicobacter pylori interacts with and inhibits the serine-threonine kinase PRK2.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (26)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Common genetic variation at the IL1RL1 locus regulates IL-33/ST2 signaling. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association study identifies loci influencing concentrations of liver enzymes in plasma. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association study of periodontal pathogen colonization. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of protein kinase N2 (PKN2) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Pr55(Gag)	gag	The amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaScreen) identifies the interaction of HIV-1 Gag with PKN2	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	In vitro protein-protein interaction analysis identifies a Vpu-binding host protein protein kinase N2 (PKN2)	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-75118 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:79360

SHGC-75090 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:20317

SHGC-75113 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:10597

A010A04 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:62310

G33036 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:117613

SHGC-58543 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:94326

RH47567 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:65714

AL009423 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:64441

PRKCL2__5581 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:463828

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA binding	HDA more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables cadherin binding	HDA more info	PubMed
enables calcium,diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone deacetylase binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables small GTPase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in apical junction assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell adhesion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell projection organization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in epithelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokinesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of viral genome replication	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell motility	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in apical junction complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in centrosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in cleavage furrow	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in intermediate filament cytoskeleton	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in lamellipodium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in midbody	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nuclear body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
part_of protein-containing complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: serine/threonine-protein kinase N2

Names: PKN gamma; cardiolipin-activated protein kinase Pak2; protein kinase C-like 2; protein-kinase C-related kinase 2

NP_001307636.1

EC 2.7.11.13

NP_001307637.1

EC 2.7.11.13

NP_001307638.1

EC 2.7.11.13

NP_006247.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_011540074.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_016857271.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_047281180.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_054193636.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_054193637.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_054193638.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_054193639.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_054193640.1

EC 2.7.11.13

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001320707.2 → NP_001307636.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 2

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter, compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AC119426, AK300304, AL136381, BC125199

Consensus CDS

CCDS81350.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q16513

Related

ENSP00000359544.5, ENST00000370513.9

Conserved Domains (6) summary

cd11622
Location:42 → 107

HR1_PKN_1; First Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N

cd11635
Location:209 → 282

HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2

smart00220
Location:614 → 868

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd05589
Location:609 → 934

STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N

cl00087
Location:130 → 201

HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

cl14603
Location:390 → 472

C2; C2 domain
NM_001320708.2 → NP_001307637.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 3

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region and uses a downstream start codon compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 3 which has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AC119426, AK298595, AL136381, BC125199

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q16513

Conserved Domains (5) summary

cd08687
Location:233 → 316

C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins

cd11635
Location:52 → 125

HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2

smart00220
Location:505 → 759

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd05589
Location:500 → 825

STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N

cl00087
Location:1 → 44

HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
NM_001320709.2 → NP_001307638.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 4

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 4), compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AC119426, AK298595, AK300304, AL136381

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q16513

Conserved Domains (6) summary

cd08687
Location:364 → 457

C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins

cd11622
Location:42 → 107

HR1_PKN_1; First Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N

cd11635
Location:209 → 282

HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2

smart00220
Location:646 → 900

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd05589
Location:641 → 966

STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N

cl00087
Location:130 → 201

HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
NM_006256.4 → NP_006247.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006247.1

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AC119426, AL136381, U33052

Consensus CDS

CCDS714.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B4DQ21, B4DTP5, B4DVG1, D3DT24, Q08AF4, Q16513, Q9H1W4

Related

ENSP00000359552.3, ENST00000370521.8

Conserved Domains (5) summary

cd08687
Location:390 → 473

C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins

cd11622
Location:42 → 107

HR1_PKN_1; First Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N

cd11635
Location:209 → 282

HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2

cd05589
Location:657 → 982

STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N

cl00087
Location:130 → 201

HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

88684273..88836255

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_047425224.1 → XP_047281180.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X1
XM_017001782.3 → XP_016857271.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X2
XM_011541772.3 → XP_011540074.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X3

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q16513

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd08687
Location:64 → 147

C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins

smart00220
Location:336 → 590

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd05589
Location:331 → 656

STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N