Chrm2 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, cardiac [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Chrm2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, cardiacprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:88397
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000045613 AllianceGenome:MGI:88397
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: M2; Chrm-2; AChR-M2
Summary: Enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity. Involved in presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. Acts upstream of or within G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway. Is active in cholinergic synapse. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; heart; sublingual gland primordium; and trigeminal nerve. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Chagas disease; bipolar disorder; heroin dependence; major depressive disorder; and schizophrenia. Orthologous to human CHRM2 (cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in heart adult (RPKM 12.9), frontal lobe adult (RPKM 3.4) and 10 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6 B1; 6 15.48 cM

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	6	NC_000072.7 (36364928..36505573)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	6	NC_000072.6 (36387991..36528638)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000072.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Aerobic exercise ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by regulating mitochondrial quality control and endoplasmic reticulum stress through M2 AChR.
Title: Aerobic exercise ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by regulating mitochondrial quality control and endoplasmic reticulum stress through M(2) AChR.
Functions of Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle: A Review of Studies with Receptor-Knockout Mice.
Title: Functions of Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle: A Review of Studies with Receptor-Knockout Mice.
The Firing of Theta State-Related Septal Cholinergic Neurons Disrupt Hippocampal Ripple Oscillations via Muscarinic Receptors.
Title: The Firing of Theta State-Related Septal Cholinergic Neurons Disrupt Hippocampal Ripple Oscillations via Muscarinic Receptors.
The conjugated bile acids were found to be partial agonists of the muscarinic M2, but not sphingosin-1-phosphate-2, receptors, and act partially through the Gi pathway. Furthermore, the contraction slowing effect of unconjugated bile acids may also relate to cytotoxicity at higher concentrations
Title: Bile acids and their respective conjugates elicit different responses in neonatal cardiomyocytes: role of Gi protein, muscarinic receptors and TGR5.
Synaptic enrichment in M2R density may reflect a compensatory mechanism activated in tibialis anterior and Soleus motor neurons to different extent in response to reduced strength of cholinergic signaling
Title: Spinalization and locomotor training differentially affect muscarinic acetylcholine receptor type 2 abutting on α-motoneurons innervating the ankle extensor and flexor muscles.
M2 receptors promote arginine-vasopressin synthesis in the supraoptic nuclei and play a role in the regulation and maintenance of body fluid.
Title: Muscarinic M(2) receptor promotes vasopressin synthesis in mice supraoptic nuclei.
The results of this study concluded that the density of AChM2 receptor increases on trigeminal motor 5 neurons during sleep deprivation.
Title: Homeostatic regulation through GABA and acetylcholine muscarinic receptors of motor trigeminal neurons following sleep deprivation.
The three receptor sets considered (mAChR, AR and TrkB receptors) intervene in modulating the conditions of the competition between nerve endings.
Title: Presynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine autoreceptors (M1, M2 and M4 subtypes), adenosine receptors (A1 and A2A) and tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB) modulate the developmental synapse elimination process at the neuromuscular junction.
In the present study, the functional coupling of Gi/o protein-coupled receptors to GalR1, and the CB1 receptor subtype for endocannabinoids were analyzed in the 3xTg-AD mice model of Alzheimer's disease in the prodromal and advanced stages. In addition, the activity mediated by Gi/o protein-coupled M2/4 muscarinic receptor subtypes was also analyzed in brain areas involved in anxiety and cognition.
Title: Activity of muscarinic, galanin and cannabinoid receptors in the prodromal and advanced stages in the triple transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease.
We found that knockout of the M2/3 receptor significantly inhibited ST37 acupuncture-induced enhancement of gastric motility, jejunal motility, and colonic motility.
Title: β1/2 or M2/3 Receptors Are Required for Different Gastrointestinal Motility Responses Induced by Acupuncture at Heterotopic or Homotopic Acupoints.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (64)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (2)
Targeted (3) 1 citation

General gene information

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Markers

CHRM2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:265990

UniSTS:492976 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:492976

Chrm2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:256465

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables arrestin family protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables arrestin family protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	EXP Inferred from Experiment more info	PubMed
involved_in presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of heart contraction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of smooth muscle contraction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of smooth muscle contraction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of smooth muscle contraction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to virus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in asymmetric synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in asymmetric synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in axon terminus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in axon terminus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cholinergic synapse	EXP Inferred from Experiment more info	PubMed
is_active_in cholinergic synapse	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
is_active_in dendrite	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in dendrite	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in dendrite	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in glutamatergic synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in neuronal cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in postsynaptic membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in postsynaptic membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in presynaptic membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in presynaptic membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in symmetric synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in symmetric synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in synapse	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Names: AChR M2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001411688.1 → NP_001398617.1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC113246, AC159505

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

E9Q9P0, Q9ERZ4
NM_001411690.1 → NP_001398619.1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC113246, AC159505

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

E9Q9P0, Q9ERZ4
NM_001411691.1 → NP_001398620.1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC113246, AC159505

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

E9Q9P0, Q9ERZ4
NM_001411693.1 → NP_001398622.1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC113246, AC159505

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

E9Q9P0, Q9ERZ4
NM_001411695.1 → NP_001398624.1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC113246, AC159505

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

E9Q9P0, Q9ERZ4
NM_203491.4 → NP_987076.2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_987076.2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC113246, AC159505

Consensus CDS

CCDS20004.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

E9Q9P0, Q9ERZ4

Related

ENSMUSP00000130874.2, ENSMUST00000172278.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd15297
Location:24 → 451

7tmA_mAChR_M2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors