twin twin [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: twinprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: twinprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0011725
Locus tag: Dmel_CG31137
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0011725
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: BEST:GH20274; ccr4; Ccr4; CCR4; CCR4/Twin; CG17741; CG31137; CG5534; CT39331; Dmel\CG31137; Twin; twn
Summary: Enables poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity. Involved in female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division and negative regulation of gene expression. Located in cytoplasm. Part of CCR4-NOT complex. Is expressed in several structures, including adult brain cell body rind; adult head; germarium; germline cell; and ovary. Used to study heart disease. Orthologous to human CNOT6 (CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6) and CNOT6L (CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6 like). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 95F1-95F2; 3-84 cM

Exon count:: 11

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3R	NT_033777.3 (24196893..24221965, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3R	NT_033777.2 (20022615..20047687, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The data indicate that the germline-specific nuclear functions of the Drosophila Ccr4-Not complex involve the repression of especially dangerous active transposable elements as well as the nuclear biogenesis of telomeric transcripts.
Title: Nuclear Ccr4-Not mediates the degradation of telomeric and transposon transcripts at chromatin in the Drosophila germline.
Bam regulates the expression of its mRNA targets by recruiting the CCR4-NOT complex through interaction with CAF40.
Title: Drosophila Bag-of-marbles directly interacts with the CAF40 subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex to elicit repression of mRNA targets.
CCR4 and CAF1, the two deadenylases in the CCR4-NOT complex, can remove 3' terminal non-A residues in an exonucleolytic manner.
Title: CCR4 and CAF1 deadenylases have an intrinsic activity to remove the post-poly(A) sequence.
Twin has important intrinsic roles in promoting GSC self-renewal and progeny differentiation by functioning in different protein complexes.
Title: Twin Promotes the Maintenance and Differentiation of Germline Stem Cell Lineage through Modulation of Multiple Pathways.
These results indicate that the Ccr4-Not complex controls expression of 4E-BP at multiple levels and adjusts the magnitude of the total effect.
Title: Multi-functional regulation of 4E-BP gene expression by the Ccr4-Not complex.
CCR4 deadenylase is required for germline stem cell self-renewal. Nos and Pum act through CCR4 recruitment onto specific mRNAs.
Title: The CCR4 deadenylase acts with Nanos and Pumilio in the fine-tuning of Mei-P26 expression to promote germline stem cell self-renewal.
Functions during early oogenesis to coordinate cyst division, oocyte fate specification and egg chamber maturation.
Title: twin, a CCR4 homolog, regulates cyclin poly(A) tail length to permit Drosophila oogenesis.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables catalytic activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mRNA catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in maternal mRNA clearance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of translation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in oogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in piRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in transposable element silencing by piRNA-mediated mRNA destabilization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of CCR4-NOT complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of CCR4-NOT complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: twin

Names: CG31137-PA; CG31137-PB; CG31137-PC; CG31137-PD; CG31137-PE; CG31137-PF; ccr4; twin-PA; twin-PB; twin-PC; twin-PD; twin-PE; twin-PF

NP_732964.1

EC 3.1.13.4

NP_732965.1

EC 3.1.13.4

NP_732966.1

EC 3.1.13.4

NP_732967.1

EC 3.1.13.4

NP_732968.1

EC 3.1.13.4

NP_788732.1

EC 3.1.13.4

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

Range

24196893..24221965 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_170130.3 → NP_732966.1 twin, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_732966.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q7K112, Q8MTZ5

Related

FBpp0083953

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd09097
Location:194 → 535

Deadenylase_CCR4; C-terminal deadenylase domain of CCR4 and related domains

COG4886
Location:37 → 152

LRR; Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein [Transcription]

sd00031
Location:61 → 83

LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
NM_176555.2 → NP_788732.1 twin, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_788732.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q7K112, Q8MTZ5

Related

FBpp0083956

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd09097
Location:194 → 535

Deadenylase_CCR4; C-terminal deadenylase domain of CCR4 and related domains

COG4886
Location:37 → 152

LRR; Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein [Transcription]

sd00031
Location:61 → 83

LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
NM_170129.3 → NP_732965.1 twin, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_732965.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q7K112, Q8MTZ5

Related

FBpp0083951

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd09097
Location:194 → 535

Deadenylase_CCR4; C-terminal deadenylase domain of CCR4 and related domains

COG4886
Location:37 → 152

LRR; Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein [Transcription]

sd00031
Location:61 → 83

LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
NM_170128.2 → NP_732964.1 twin, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_732964.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q8IMX1, Q8MTZ5

Related

FBpp0083954

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd09097
Location:209 → 550

Deadenylase_CCR4; C-terminal deadenylase domain of CCR4 and related domains

sd00031
Location:76 → 98

LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]

pfam12799
Location:74 → 114

LRR_4; Leucine Rich repeats (2 copies)

pfam13855
Location:75 → 130

LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat
NM_170132.3 → NP_732968.1 twin, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_732968.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q8IMX0

Related

FBpp0083955

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd09097
Location:1 → 341

Deadenylase_CCR4; C-terminal deadenylase domain of CCR4 and related domains
NM_170131.3 → NP_732967.1 twin, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_732967.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q8MTZ5, Q9VCB6

Related

FBpp0083952

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd09097
Location:187 → 528

Deadenylase_CCR4; C-terminal deadenylase domain of CCR4 and related domains

sd00031
Location:54 → 76

LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]

pfam12799
Location:52 → 92

LRR_4; Leucine Rich repeats (2 copies)

pfam13855
Location:53 → 108

LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat