CXCL1 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CXCL1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4602
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000163739 MIM:155730; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4602
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: FSP; GRO1; GROa; MGSA; NAP-3; SCYB1; MGSA-a
Summary: This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. Aberrant expression of this protein is associated with the growth and progression of certain tumors. A naturally occurring processed form of this protein has increased chemotactic activity. Alternate splicing results in coding and non-coding variants of this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in immune response or antiviral activity.
Expression: Biased expression in spleen (RPKM 42.1), urinary bladder (RPKM 38.5) and 12 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q13.3

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	4	NC_000004.12 (73869393..73871308)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	4	NC_060928.1 (77213030..77214945)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	4	NC_000004.11 (74735110..74737025)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

CD276 regulates the immune escape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through CXCL1-CXCR2 induced NETs.
Title: CD276 regulates the immune escape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through CXCL1-CXCR2 induced NETs.
Acetyl-CoA metabolic accumulation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via enhancing CXCL1-dependent infiltration of tumor-associated neutrophils.
Title: Acetyl-CoA metabolic accumulation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via enhancing CXCL1-dependent infiltration of tumor-associated neutrophils.
Chemotherapy-elicited extracellular vesicle CXCL1 from dying cells promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis by activating TAM/PD-L1 signaling.
Title: Chemotherapy-elicited extracellular vesicle CXCL1 from dying cells promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis by activating TAM/PD-L1 signaling.
The role of CXCL1 in crosstalk between endocrine resistant breast cancer and fibroblast.
Title: The role of CXCL1 in crosstalk between endocrine resistant breast cancer and fibroblast.
Regulation of cancer stem cells by CXCL1, a chemokine whose secretion is controlled by MCM2.
Title: Regulation of cancer stem cells by CXCL1, a chemokine whose secretion is controlled by MCM2.
Cxcl1 monomer-dimer equilibrium controls neutrophil extravasation.
Title: Cxcl1 monomer-dimer equilibrium controls neutrophil extravasation.
TGFbeta1 induces CXCL1 to promote stemness features in lung cancer.
Title: TGFβ1 induces CXCL1 to promote stemness features in lung cancer.
CXCL1 promotes immune escape in colorectal cancer by autophagy-mediated MHC-I degradation.
Title: CXCL1 promotes immune escape in colorectal cancer by autophagy-mediated MHC-I degradation.
Biological function of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 gene (CXCL1) in ovarian malignant tumors.
Title: Biological function of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 gene (CXCL1) in ovarian malignant tumors.
CXCL1 promoted the migration and invasion abilities of oral cancer cells and might serve as a promising marker of prognosis in tongue cancer.
Title: CXCL1 promoted the migration and invasion abilities of oral cancer cells and might serve as a promising marker of prognosis in tongue cancer.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (231)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide and gene-based association studies of anxiety disorders in European and african american samples. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
HIV-1 infected clinical samples have plasma extracellular vesicles that contain elevated CCL1 (I309), IGFBP1, CCL5 (RANTES), GMCSF, ANG, ADIPOQ (ACRP30), CSF3 (GCSF), CXCL1 (GRO), ICAM1, IL2RA, IL6R, TNFRSF1A, and TIMP1 when compared to healthy donors	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 IIIB Env (gp120) upregulates production of TNF (TNF-a), IL-17A, CCL2 (MCP1), CCL5 (RANTES), IL6, IL10, CXCL8 (IL8), CXCL1 (GRO-a), and CCL1 (I309) in stimulated monocyte derived macrophages	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-treated vaginal epithelial cells show upregulation of CXCL1 expression as compared to untreated control	PubMed
	env	In endometrial epithelium-derived cells, gp120 from CCR5-tropic HIV-1 increases the release of monocytes/chemokines-attracting chemokines (IL-8 and GRO) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-beta and IL-1alpha)	PubMed
	env	Production of the C-X-C chemokine growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GRO-alpha) is markedly stimulated by CXCR4-tropic HIV-1; HIV-1 gp120 engagement of CXCR4 initiates the stimulation of GRO-alpha production, which is blocked by antibodies to CXCR4	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 inhibits activation of PBMCs and upregulates the expression of CXCL1 in peptide-treated PBMCs	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef specifically incorporates CSF2, PPBP (NAP2), CCL5, TNF, FAS, CXCL1, IL12B, MIF and OSM into plasma extracellular vesicles from HIV-1 infected patient samples	PubMed
Tat	tat	Microarray analysis indicates HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates the expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) in human primary T cells	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH17698 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:48395

SHGC4-1010 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:92438

G33800 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:12068

D4S2819 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:30030

SHGC-67281 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:76400

RH119675 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:133044

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables enzyme activator activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables signaling receptor binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in chemotaxis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in killing of cells of another organism	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in nervous system development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in specific granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in tertiary granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: growth-regulated alpha protein

Names: C-X-C motif chemokine 1; GRO-alpha(1-73); GRO1 oncogene (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha); GRO1 oncogene (melanoma growth-stimulating activity); MGSA alpha; chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha); fibroblast secretory protein; melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha; melanoma growth stimulatory activity alpha; neutrophil-activating protein 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001511.4 → NP_001502.1 growth-regulated alpha protein precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001502.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the functional protein.

Source sequence(s)

AC092438, BM554448, BM996663

Consensus CDS

CCDS47074.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P09341, Q9UCR7

Related

ENSP00000379110.3, ENST00000395761.4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00273
Location:40 → 102

Chemokine_CXC; 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members contain an RCxC motif ...

RNA

NR_046035.2 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).

Source sequence(s)

AC092438, BG121608, BM996663, X12510