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    tral trailer hitch [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 39430, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    tralprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    trailer hitchprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0041775
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG10686
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0041775
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    anon-EST:Posey139; anon-WO0172774.89; anon-WO02059370.24; BEST:GH08269; CG10686; Dmel\CG10686; DmLSm15; Lsm15; LSm15; p67; p70; Scd6p; Tral; TRAL
    Summary
    Enables DEAD/H-box RNA helicase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cytoskeleton organization; positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity; and positive regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum. Located in cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule and fusome. Colocalizes with endoplasmic reticulum. Is expressed in several structures, including adult brain cell body rind; adult head; central brain primordium; embryonic/larval midgut primordium; and ganglia. Orthologous to human LSM14B (LSM family member 14B) and LSM14A (LSM14A mRNA processing body assembly factor). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See tral in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    69C4-69C4; 3-38 cM
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3L NT_037436.4 (12515059..12520954)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3L NT_037436.3 (12508159..12514054)

    Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene vihar Neighboring gene sticky Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR45168 Neighboring gene Gcn5 acetyltransferase Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit beta Neighboring gene verrocchio

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. CAR-1 and trailer hitch: driving mRNP granule function at the ER? Decker CJ, et al. J Cell Biol, 2006 Apr 24. PMID 16636142, Free PMC Article
    2. Two distinct domains of Bruno bind specifically to the oskar mRNA. Snee M, et al. RNA Biol, 2008 Jan-Mar. PMID 18388491
    3. Structural basis for the mutually exclusive anchoring of P body components EDC3 and Tral to the DEAD box protein DDX6/Me31B. Tritschler F, et al. Mol Cell, 2009 Mar 13. PMID 19285948
    4. Clueless forms dynamic, insulin-responsive bliss particles sensitive to stress. Sheard KM, et al. Dev Biol, 2020 Mar 15. PMID 31837288, Free PMC Article
    5. The C-terminal region of Ge-1 presents conserved structural features required for P-body localization. Jinek M, et al. RNA, 2008 Oct. PMID 18755833, Free PMC Article

    See all (117) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. An unbiased biochemical screen for Pan Gu substrates identified the conserved translational repressor Trailer Hitch (TRAL).
      Title: Identification of PNG kinase substrates uncovers interactions with the translational repressor TRAL in the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
    2. Trailer hitch role in the translational repression of the Drosophila Nanos mRNA
      Title: Translational repression of the Drosophila nanos mRNA involves the RNA helicase Belle and RNA coating by Me31B and Trailer hitch.
    3. PAPI, a novel TUDOR-domain protein, complexes with AGO3, ME31B and TRAL in the nuage to silence transposition.
      Title: PAPI, a novel TUDOR-domain protein, complexes with AGO3, ME31B and TRAL in the nuage to silence transposition.
    4. Bicaudal C and trailer hitch interact genetically. Mutants of these two genes have shared defects in localization of gurken and other anteriorly-localized mRNAs, as well as altered microtubule organization which may underlie the mRNA localization defects.
      Title: Bicaudal C and trailer hitch have similar roles in gurken mRNA localization and cytoskeletal organization.
    5. Structural basis for the mutually exclusive anchoring of P body components EDC3 and Tral to the DEAD box protein DDX6/Me31B.
      Title: Structural basis for the mutually exclusive anchoring of P body components EDC3 and Tral to the DEAD box protein DDX6/Me31B.
    6. Tral and EDC3 specifically interact with the decapping activator DCP1 and the DEAD-box helicase Me31B, in Drosophila cells.
      Title: Similar modes of interaction enable Trailer Hitch and EDC3 to associate with DCP1 and Me31B in distinct protein complexes.
    7. in cleavage-stage Drosophila embryos, fragile X mental retardation protein affects protein expression by controlling the availability and/or competency of specific transcripts to be translated
      Title: Fragile X mental retardation protein controls trailer hitch expression and cleavage furrow formation in Drosophila embryos.
    8. Depletion or mutation of members of Drosophila melanogaster trailer hitch, lead to a variety of developmental phenotypes
      Title: CAR-1 and trailer hitch: driving mRNP granule function at the ER?
    9. We have identified Drosophila trailer hitch (tral) as a gene that is required for the proper secretion of the dorsal-ventral patterning factor Gurken, as well as the vitellogenin receptor Yolkless
      Title: Efficient protein trafficking requires trailer hitch, a component of a ribonucleoprotein complex localized to the ER in Drosophila.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DEAD/H-box RNA helicase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables RNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables mRNA binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in P-body assembly IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in endoplasmic reticulum organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in stress granule assembly IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in transposable element silencing IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in P granule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in P-body IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in P-body IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol HDA PubMed 
    colocalizes_with endoplasmic reticulum IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in fusome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    trailer hitch
    Names
    CG10686-PA
    CG10686-PB
    CG10686-PC
    CG10686-PD
    CG10686-PE
    CG10686-PF
    CG10686-PG
    CG10686-PH
    CG10686-PI
    Trailer-Hitch
    trailerhitch
    tral-PA
    tral-PB
    tral-PC
    tral-PD
    tral-PE
    tral-PF
    tral-PG
    tral-PH
    tral-PI

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      12515059..12520954
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001274842.1 → NP_001261771.1  trailer hitch, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261771.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PFF9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01736
      Location:4 → 77
      LSm14_N; Like-Sm protein 14, N-terminal domain
      pfam09532
      Location:406 → 526
      FDF; FDF domain

    2. NM_001274840.1 → NP_001261769.1  trailer hitch, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261769.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8T0T8, Q9VTZ0
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01736
      Location:4 → 77
      LSm14_N; Like-Sm protein 14, N-terminal domain
      pfam09532
      Location:402 → 532
      FDF; FDF domain

    3. NM_001274846.1 → NP_001261775.1  trailer hitch, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261775.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PF20
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01736
      Location:4 → 77
      LSm14_N; Like-Sm protein 14, N-terminal domain
      pfam09532
      Location:406 → 536
      FDF; FDF domain

    4. NM_001274841.1 → NP_001261770.1  trailer hitch, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261770.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PF14
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01736
      Location:4 → 77
      LSm14_N; Like-Sm protein 14, N-terminal domain
      pfam09532
      Location:406 → 536
      FDF; FDF domain

    5. NM_001274847.1 → NP_001261776.1  trailer hitch, isoform I [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261776.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PFG3
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01736
      Location:4 → 77
      LSm14_N; Like-Sm protein 14, N-terminal domain
      pfam09532
      Location:406 → 526
      FDF; FDF domain

    6. NM_001274844.1 → NP_001261773.1  trailer hitch, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261773.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PI44
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01736
      Location:4 → 77
      LSm14_N; Like-Sm protein 14, N-terminal domain
      pfam09532
      Location:402 → 532
      FDF; FDF domain

    7. NM_140328.5 → NP_648585.3  trailer hitch, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_648585.3

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8T0T8, Q9VTZ0
      Related
      FBpp0075691
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01736
      Location:4 → 77
      LSm14_N; Like-Sm protein 14, N-terminal domain
      pfam09532
      Location:402 → 532
      FDF; FDF domain

    8. NM_001274845.1 → NP_001261774.1  trailer hitch, isoform G [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261774.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PCB7
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01736
      Location:4 → 77
      LSm14_N; Like-Sm protein 14, N-terminal domain
      pfam09532
      Location:402 → 522
      FDF; FDF domain

    9. NM_001274843.1 → NP_001261772.1  trailer hitch, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261772.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PFB2
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01736
      Location:4 → 77
      LSm14_N; Like-Sm protein 14, N-terminal domain
      pfam09532
      Location:402 → 522
      FDF; FDF domain
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    M9PCB7 M9PCB7
    M9PF14 M9PF14
    M9PF20 M9PF20
    M9PFB2 M9PFB2
    M9PFF9 M9PFF9
    M9PFG3 M9PFG3
    M9PI44 M9PI44
    Q9VTZ0 Q9VTZ0

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