twi twist [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: twiprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: twistprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0003900
Locus tag: Dmel_CG2956
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0003900
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: bHLHb17; CG2956; dip5; Dmel\CG2956; DTwist; EC9; Tw; Twi; TWI; Twist
Summary: Enables DNA binding activity; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; and protein dimerization activity. Involved in several processes, including embryonic morphogenesis; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; and salivary gland morphogenesis. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including germ layer; gut section; muscle cell; somatic precursor cell; and visceral mesoderm derivative. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Barber-Say syndrome; Sweeney-Cox syndrome; ablepharon macrostomia syndrome; breast cancer (multiple); and synostosis (multiple). Orthologous to several human genes including TWIST1 (twist family bHLH transcription factor 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 59C1-59C2; 2-102 cM

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (22985374..23048325)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (18872897..18935848)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

ch-responsive enhancers are activated synchronously in Drosophila embryos; Priming by Twist and Dorsal promotes fast and sustained response to Notch
Title: Enhancer Priming Enables Fast and Sustained Transcriptional Responses to Notch Signaling.
Findings provide mechanistic insight into the brake on myogenesis that occurs during mesoderm specification: twist and tin expression at early stages in turn activate the myogenic inhibitor Him; yet, once Twist or Tin levels decline at mid-embryogenesis, Him is no longer expressed in the mesoderm, and MEF2-dependent muscle differentiation can proceed.
Title: The myogenic repressor gene Holes in muscles is a direct transcriptional target of Twist and Tinman in the Drosophila embryonic mesoderm.
The level of Twi activity determines whether the cellular events of ventral furrow formation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell division and mesodermal migration occur.
Title: Discrete levels of Twist activity are required to direct distinct cell functions during gastrulation and somatic myogenesis.
Our studies identify Akirin as a nuclear factor that genetically interacts with the BRM complex and is required for optimal expression of the Twist-dependent Dmef2 enhancer
Title: Akirin links twist-regulated transcription with the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex during embryogenesis.
conclude that Twi is an essential Notch co-regulator in myogenic progenitor cells and has the potential to confer specificity on Notch signalling at over 170 genes, showing that a single factor can have a profound effect on the output of the pathway.
Title: Specificity of Notch pathway activation: twist controls the transcriptional output in adult muscle progenitors.
Data show that cell fate decisions in the dorsal and lateral Twi- and Tin-positive mesoderm of Drosophila melanogaster depend on the antagonistic action of the transcription factor Lame duck and the zinc finger homeodomain factor Zfh1.
Title: Antagonistic function of Lmd and Zfh1 fine tunes cell fate decisions in the Twi and Tin positive mesoderm of Drosophila melanogaster.
These experiments show that mechanically induced Twist upregulation in stomodeal cells is necessary for subsequent midgut differentiation in Drosophila embryos.
Title: Tissue deformation modulates twist expression to determine anterior midgut differentiation in Drosophila embryos.
Dorsal activates twist and snail, and the Dorsal/Twist/Snail network activates and represses other zygotic genes to form the dorsoventral axis in Drosophila.
Title: Drosophila WntD is a target and an inhibitor of the Dorsal/Twist/Snail network in the gastrulating embryo.
anterior-gut formation is mechanically induced by the movement of germ-band extension through the induction of Twist expression in stomodeal cells
Title: Mechanical induction of Twist in the Drosophila foregut/stomodeal primordium.
Twist binds to almost all mesodermal cis-regulatory modules to provide the competence to integrate inputs from more specialized transcription factors.
Title: A core transcriptional network for early mesoderm development in Drosophila melanogaster.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
contributes_to DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein dimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein heterodimerization activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in actomyosin structure organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in developmental process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in ectoderm and mesoderm interaction	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in gastrulation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in gastrulation involving germ band extension	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in heart development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in mesoderm development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in mesoderm development	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in mesoderm development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in mesodermal cell fate commitment	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mesodermal cell fate commitment	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in mesodermal cell fate specification	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in muscle cell development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of striated muscle tissue development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in salivary gland morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in ventral furrow formation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in ventral furrow formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed