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    Eqtn equatorin, sperm acrosome associated [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 67753, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Eqtnprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    equatorin, sperm acrosome associatedprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:1915003
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000028575 AllianceGenome:MGI:1915003
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Afaf; Eqtl; Eqts; 1700028B15Rik; 4930579C15Rik
    Summary
    Acts upstream of or within several processes, including acrosomal vesicle exocytosis; endocytosis; and fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle; nucleus; and plasma membrane. Orthologous to human EQTN (equatorin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Biased expression in testis adult (RPKM 7.6), cortex adult (RPKM 0.6) and 2 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Eqtn in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    4 C5; 4 43.34 cM
    Exon count:
    10
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 4 NC_000070.7 (94763930..94818189, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 4 NC_000070.6 (94875697..94929953, complement)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000070.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10792 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 40205 Neighboring gene TEK receptor tyrosine kinase Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10794 Neighboring gene predicted gene 12693 Neighboring gene myb-like, SWIRM and MPN domains 1 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10795 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E2697

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Equatorin is not essential for acrosome biogenesis but is required for the acrosome reaction. Hao J, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2014 Feb 21. PMID 24480441
    2. Characterization of the antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody MN9: unique transport pathway to the equatorial segment of sperm head during spermiogenesis. Toshimori K, et al. Cell Tissue Res, 1992 Dec. PMID 1486600
    3. Integration of the mouse sperm fertilization-related protein equatorin into the acrosome during spermatogenesis as revealed by super-resolution and immunoelectron microscopy. Ito C, et al. Cell Tissue Res, 2013 Jun. PMID 23564009
    4. An MN9 antigenic molecule, equatorin, is required for successful sperm-oocyte fusion in mice. Toshimori K, et al. Biol Reprod, 1998 Jul. PMID 9674989
    5. Equatorin: identification and characterization of the epitope of the MN9 antibody in the mouse. Yamatoya K, et al. Biol Reprod, 2009 Nov. PMID 19605790

    See all (21) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. EQUATORIN-deficient sperm have significantly reduced fertility due to sperm-egg adhesion failure.
      Title: Deletion of Eqtn in mice reduces male fertility and sperm-egg adhesion.
    2. MN9, a monoclonal antibody raised against mouse spermatozoa, specifically recognizes the equatorial segment of sperm head in several mammalian species, including humans. The immunoreactive bands were 38 kDa and 48 kDa in mouse, and 48 kDa in rat.
      Title: Characterization of the antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody MN9: unique transport pathway to the equatorial segment of sperm head during spermiogenesis.
    3. Equatorin associating with Spesp1 is involved in sperm-egg adhesion to fusion, which is independent of Izumo1, CD9 and Juno.
      Title: Deletion of Eqtn in mice reduces male fertility and sperm-egg adhesion.
    4. GeneRIF: EQUATORIN associating with SPESP1 is involved in sperm-egg adhesion leading to male fertility.
      Title: Deletion of Eqtn in mice reduces male fertility and sperm-egg adhesion.
    5. The fertilization and induced acrosome exocytosis rates of Eqtn-deficient sperm were dramatically reduced.
      Title: Equatorin is not essential for acrosome biogenesis but is required for the acrosome reaction.
    6. The present study aims to clarify the morphology associated with the integration of the mouse fertilization-related acrosomal protein equatorin (mEQT) into the developing acrosome.
      Title: Integration of the mouse sperm fertilization-related protein equatorin into the acrosome during spermatogenesis as revealed by super-resolution and immunoelectron microscopy.
    7. Equatorin-based progression model will be useful for analyzing not only the behavior of equatorin but also of other molecules of interest involved in the acrosome reaction.
      Title: A model of the acrosome reaction progression via the acrosomal membrane-anchored protein equatorin.
    8. Acrosome formation-associated factor (Afaf) might play an important role in membrane trafficking during acrosome formation and participate in fertilization.
      Title: Acrosome formation-associated factor is involved in fertilization.
    9. Afaf expressed abundantly in the round spermatids, localized in the inner and outer membrane of forming acrosome, and declined in the maturing acrosomes.
      Title: Afaf, a novel vesicle membrane protein, is related to acrosome formation in murine testis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (1) 
    • Targeted (2)  1 citation

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC107209, RP23-345A23.2

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in acrosomal vesicle exocytosis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within acrosomal vesicle exocytosis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within acrosome assembly TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in endocytosis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within endocytosis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within establishment of localization in cell IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in early endosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in inner acrosomal membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in inner acrosomal membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in outer acrosomal membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in outer acrosomal membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    equatorin
    Names
    MN9 antigen
    acrosome formation associated factor
    sperm-specific single transmembrane domain protein

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001290623.1 → NP_001277552.1  equatorin isoform 2 precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses alternate in-frame splice sites in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which lacks an internal segment and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK016313, AK016738, BB018628, BB572592, BE632290, BY716419
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS71422.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7SXT6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000102714.3, ENSMUST00000107097.9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15339
      Location:64 → 245
      Afaf; Acrosome formation-associated factor

    2. NM_027089.4 → NP_081365.2  equatorin isoform 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_081365.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK006446, AK016313, AK016738, BB018628, BB572592, BE632290
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS18362.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2AJE0, Q2LCV5, Q5FWB0, Q9D9V2
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7SXT5
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000030309.6, ENSMUST00000030309.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15339
      Location:64 → 245
      Afaf; Acrosome formation-associated factor

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000070.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      94763930..94818189 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_006503333.5 → XP_006503396.1  equatorin isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7SXT5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15339
      Location:64 → 252
      Afaf; Acrosome formation-associated factor
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9D9V2.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9D9V2

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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