per period [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: perprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: periodprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0003068
Locus tag: Dmel_CG2647
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0003068
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG2647; Clk; clk-6; Dmel\CG2647; dmper; dper; dPer; dPER; EG:155E2.4; mel_per; Per; PER; Per-2
Summary: Predicted to enable transcription cis-regulatory region binding activity and transcription corepressor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including circadian temperature homeostasis; determination of adult lifespan; and regulation of gene expression. Located in cell body; cytoplasm; and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including epithelium; larval CNS neuron; longitudinal vein; organism subdivision; and pacemaker neurons. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in advanced sleep phase syndrome (multiple); alcohol dependence; bipolar disorder; cocaine dependence; and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Orthologous to several human genes including PER1 (period circadian regulator 1) and PER3 (period circadian regulator 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3B1-3B2; 1-1.5 cM

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	X	NC_004354.4 (2685580..2692780)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	X	NC_004354.3 (2579613..2586813)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Clock proteins regulate spatiotemporal organization of clock genes to control circadian rhythms.
Title: Clock proteins regulate spatiotemporal organization of clock genes to control circadian rhythms.
Circadian and Genetic Modulation of Visually-Guided Navigation in Drosophila Larvae.
Title: Circadian and Genetic Modulation of Visually-Guided Navigation in Drosophila Larvae.
to describe the oscillations observed in the concentration of the PER protein and the corresponding mRNA,three models for the putative mechanism of regulation of the circadian clock of Drosophila, were analysed.
Title: The transcriptional regulation of PER protein in Drosophila.
dyw encodes a juvenile hormone-binding protein [4] that functions in neurons as a day-specific anti-siesta gene, with little effect on sleep levels during the nighttime or in the absence of light. Remarkably, dyw expression is stimulated in trans via cold-enhanced splicing of the dmpi8 intron from the reverse-oriented but slightly overlapping period (per) clock gene.
Title: Daywake, an Anti-siesta Gene Linked to a Splicing-Based Thermostat from an Adjoining Clock Gene.
PERIOD is controlled by the TRPA channel PYREXIA, which protects antennal neurons from faulty signaling that would otherwise interfere with temperature synchronization of the circadian clock neurons in the brain
Title: Temperature synchronization of the Drosophila circadian clock protein PERIOD is controlled by the TRPA channel PYREXIA.
While loss of the molecular clock in both the morning and evening oscillators, PER and tim, eliminates circadian locomotor activity, the molecular clock in either oscillator alone is sufficient to rescue circadian locomotor activity in the absence of the other.
Title: Dissection of central clock function in Drosophila through cell-specific CRISPR-mediated clock gene disruption.
Depletion of SUR-8 decreased the interaction of PER and PP1-87B, which supports the role of SUR-8 as a scaffold protein. Interestingly, the interaction between SUR-8 and PER is temporally regulated: SUR-8 has more binding to PER at night than morning. Thus, our results indicate that SUR-8 interacts with PP1-87B to control PER stability to regulate circadian rhythms.
Title: SUR-8 interacts with PP1-87B to stabilize PERIOD and regulate circadian rhythms in Drosophila.
There is higher Period and Timeless and lower Cycle expression in the muscle of strains with delayed aging compared to the parental strain.
Title: Circadian gene variants and the skeletal muscle circadian clock contribute to the evolutionary divergence in longevity across Drosophila populations.
Study shows that the clock gene period differentially regulates sleep and memory in Drosophila. Results indicate that the role of the clock gene period may be separable in specific aspects of sleep or memory.
Title: The clock gene period differentially regulates sleep and memory in Drosophila.
Overexpression of per also on poor medium resulted in life extension in female fruit flies. Diet restriction reduces mortality caused by overexpression of core clock genes.
Title: Circadian clock genes' overexpression in Drosophila alters diet impact on lifespan.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (72)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables transcription coregulator activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables transcription corepressor activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables transcription corepressor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in behavioral response to cocaine	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian rhythm	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian rhythm	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian rhythm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian sleep/wake cycle	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian temperature homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in copulation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in courtship behavior	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in determination of adult lifespan	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in eclosion rhythm	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in eclosion rhythm	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in eclosion rhythm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in locomotor rhythm	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in locomotor rhythm	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in locomotor rhythm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in long-term memory	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in mating behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of locomotor rhythm	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to light stimulus	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in response to oxidative stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to temperature stimulus	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in rhythmic behavior	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: period

Names: CG2647-PA; CG2647-PB; PERIOD; clock; clock-6; dperiod; per-PA; per-PB; period clock protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

Range

2685580..2692780

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_080317.2 → NP_525056.2 period, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_525056.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O17483, O76882, O76883, O76884, O76885, P07663, Q24446, Q24447, Q24448, Q24449, Q6PVA3, Q8MLY0, Q9GN20, Q9GN51, Q9GQH9, Q9GV48, Q9GV53, Q9GV54, Q9GV55, Q9W4X0

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

M9PGJ3

Related

FBpp0070455, FBtr0070477

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00130
Location:388 → 495

PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...

pfam00989
Location:238 → 333

PAS; PAS fold

pfam14598
Location:391 → 495

PAS_11; PAS domain
NM_001272265.1 → NP_001259194.1 period, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259194.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O17483, O76882, O76883, O76884, O76885, P07663, Q24446, Q24447, Q24448, Q24449, Q6PVA3, Q8MLY0, Q9GN20, Q9GN51, Q9GQH9, Q9GV48, Q9GV53, Q9GV54, Q9GV55, Q9W4X0

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

M9PGJ3

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00130
Location:388 → 495

PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...

pfam00989
Location:238 → 333

PAS; PAS fold

pfam14598
Location:391 → 495

PAS_11; PAS domain