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    Dio2 iodothyronine deiodinase 2 [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

    Gene ID: 65162, updated on 27-Nov-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    Dio2provided by RGD
    Official Full Name
    iodothyronine deiodinase 2provided by RGD
    Primary source
    RGD:68418
    See related
    EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000062383 AllianceGenome:RGD:68418
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
    Also known as
    5DII; DIOII
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the iodothyronine deiodinase family. It catalyzes the conversion of prohormone thyroxine (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine, T4) to the bioactive thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, T3) by outer ring 5'-deiodination. This gene is expressed in a few tissues in rat, including brain, pituitary and brown adipose tissue. It is thought to be responsible for the 'local' production of T3, and thus important in influencing thyroid hormone action in these tissues. Studies in rat suggest that this gene may play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and thermogenesis, and in osteoarthritis pathogenesis by enhancing the chondrocyte hypertrophy and inflammatory response. This protein is a selenoprotein containing the non-standard amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), which is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Unlike the other two members (DIO1 and DIO3) of this enzyme family, the mRNA for this gene contains an additional in-frame UGA codon that has been reported (in human) to function either as a Sec or a stop codon, resulting in two potential isoforms with one or two Sec residues; however, only the upstream Sec (conserved with the single Sec residue found at the active site in DIO1 and DIO3) was shown to be essential for enzyme activity (PMID:10403186). In addition, the lack of conservation of the protein extension past the second TGA codon suggests that the one-Sec containing isoform represents the canonical form. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2018]
    Expression
    Biased expression in Uterus (RPKM 250.6), Brain (RPKM 51.8) and 2 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

    See Dio2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    6q31
    Exon count:
    2
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1) 6 NC_086024.1 (115396308..115410594, complement)
    RS_2023_06 previous assembly mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2) 6 NC_051341.1 (109665523..109679809, complement)
    106 previous assembly Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5) 6 NC_005105.4 (114475156..114489443, complement)

    Chromosome 6 - NC_086024.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ADP-ribosylation factor 1, pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene LSM14A mRNA processing body assembly factor, pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene small ribosomal subunit protein eS10-like Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA SNORA17

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
    • Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
    • BioProject: PRJNA238328
    • Publication: PMID 24510058
    • Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Pathways from PubChem

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables hormone activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    enables thyroxine 5-deiodinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    type II iodothyronine deiodinase
    Names
    deiodinase, iodothyronine, type 2
    deiodinase, iodothyronine, type II
    type 2 DI
    type-II 5'-deiodinase
    NP_113908.4

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_031720.5NP_113908.4  type II iodothyronine deiodinase

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      JAXUCZ010000006
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O70179, P70551
      Related
      ENSRNOP00000093973.1, ENSRNOT00000099607.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00388
      Location:4259
      Thioredoxin_like; Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductases and Other Proteins with a Thioredoxin fold

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCr8

    Genomic

    1. NC_086024.1 Reference GRCr8

      Range
      115396308..115410594 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_022688.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_022688.1: This RefSeq was removed because currently there is insufficient support for the protein.