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    spen split ends [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 44205, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    spenprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    split endsprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0016977
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG18497
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0016977
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    136/24; BcDNA:GM01870; CG18497; Dmel\CG18497; E(E2F)2A; E(Raf)2A; E(Sev-CycE)2A; EK2-9; En(yan[ACT])2-7; EY2-7; l(2)03350; l(2)k06805; l(2)k07612; l(2)k08102; poc; rno; spe; Spen; SPEN; Splitends; yip1
    Summary
    Predicted to enable mRNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including establishment of thoracic bristle planar orientation; nervous system development; and wing disc development. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including cuboidal/columnar epithelium; ganglia; gland; imaginal disc; and larval central nervous system. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. Orthologous to human SPEN (spen family transcriptional repressor). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See spen in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    21B3-21B4; 2-0.5 cM
    Exon count:
    16
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2L NT_033779.5 (159032..203397)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2L NT_033779.4 (159032..203397)

    Chromosome 2L - NT_033779.5Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 15 kDa subunit Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene TBC1 domain family member 15/17 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein L10

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Gene-Diet Interactions: Dietary Rescue of Metabolic Effects in spen-Depleted Drosophila melanogaster. Gillette CM, et al. Genetics, 2020 Apr. PMID 32107279, Free PMC Article
    2. slow border cells, a locus required for a developmentally regulated cell migration during oogenesis, encodes Drosophila C/EBP. Montell DJ, et al. Cell, 1992 Oct 2. PMID 1394432
    3. Spen is required for pigment cell survival during pupal development in Drosophila. Querenet M, et al. Dev Biol, 2015 Jun 15. PMID 25872184
    4. An autonomous metabolic role for Spen. Hazegh KE, et al. PLoS Genet, 2017 Jun. PMID 28640815, Free PMC Article
    5. Invertebrate Models Untangle the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Surguchov A. Cells, 2021 Feb 16. PMID 33669308, Free PMC Article

    See all (120) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Gene-Diet Interactions: Dietary Rescue of Metabolic Effects in spen-Depleted Drosophila melanogaster.
      Title: Gene-Diet Interactions: Dietary Rescue of Metabolic Effects in spen-Depleted Drosophila melanogaster.
    2. Demonstrate that spen acts at multiple points in the intestinal stem cell (ISC) lineage with an ISC-intrinsic function in controlling early commitment events of the stem cells and functions in terminally differentiated cells to further limit the proliferation of ISCs.
      Title: Spen limits intestinal stem cell self-renewal.
    3. Yif1 is required for dendrite pruning of ddaC neurons but not for apoptosis of ddaF neurons. also, the Yif1-binding partner Yip1 is also crucial for dendrite pruning. Yif1 forms a protein complex with Yip1 in S2 cells and ddaC neurons.
      Title: Yif1 associates with Yip1 on Golgi and regulates dendrite pruning in sensory neurons during Drosophila metamorphosis.
    4. Spenito, a small Spen family member, counteracted Spen function in fat regulation. Finally, mouse Spen and Spenito transcript levels scaled directly with body fat in vivo, suggesting a conserved role in fat liberation and catabolism. This study demonstrates that Spen is a key regulator of energy balance and provides a molecular context to understand the metabolic defects that arise from Spen dysfunction.
      Title: An autonomous metabolic role for Spen.
    5. Spen is an important survival factor that ensures spatial control of the apoptotic wave that is necessary for the correct patterning and formation of the Drosophila eye.
      Title: Spen is required for pigment cell survival during pupal development in Drosophila.
    6. These observation reveal a connection between the Notch and Toll/IMD signaling pathways and demonstrate a coactivating role for Spen in activating Notch-dependent genes in differentiating cells.
      Title: Requirement of Split ends for epigenetic regulation of Notch signal-dependent genes during infection-induced hemocyte differentiation.
    7. Spen and Nito act redundantly downstream of TCF/Armadillo to activate many Wg transcriptional targets.
      Title: Spenito and Split ends act redundantly to promote Wingless signaling.
    8. Plays a role in modulating output from the Notch and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways to ensure appropriate patterning during eye development.
      Title: Split ends antagonizes the Notch and potentiates the EGFR signaling pathways during Drosophila eye development.
    9. Split ends is a tissue/promoter specific regulator of Wingless signaling
      Title: Splits ends is a tissue/promoter specific regulator of Wingless signaling.
    10. spen function is required for the correct formation and positioning of veins and mechanosensory bristles both on the anterior wing margin and on the notum, and for the maintenance of planar polarity
      Title: The product of the split ends gene is required for the maintenance of positional information during Drosophila development.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    mobile_element

    • Loc: 172692-172724 mobile_element_type = transposon:INE-1{}2497
    • Loc: 178279-178467 mobile_element_type = transposon:INE-1{}2499
    • Loc: 179822-179909 mobile_element_type = transposon:INE-1{}2500

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables RNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables mRNA binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in axon guidance IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in compound eye development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to fungus IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in establishment of thoracic bristle planar orientation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in glial cell fate determination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in neuroblast fate determination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in peripheral nervous system development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in segment specification IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in wing disc pattern formation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    split ends
    Names
    CG18497-PA
    CG18497-PB
    CG18497-PC
    CG18497-PD
    CG18497-PE
    CG18497-PF
    CG18497-PG
    CG18497-PH
    polycephalon
    rhinoceros
    spen-PA
    spen-PB
    spen-PC
    spen-PD
    spen-PE
    spen-PF
    spen-PG
    spen-PH
    split-ends
    splitends
    yippee interacting protein 1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033779.5 Reference assembly

      Range
      159032..203397
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_079979.5 → NP_524718.2  split ends, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_524718.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8SX83
      Related
      FBpp0077780
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12349
      Location:555 → 628
      RRM2_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 2 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12350
      Location:654 → 726
      RRM3_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 3 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12351
      Location:727 → 803
      RRM4_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 4 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      pfam07744
      Location:5377 → 5500
      SPOC; SPOC domain
      cl23720
      Location:1997 → 2055
      RILP-like; Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 and 2 (Rilpl1 and Rilpl2)

    2. NM_001272873.1 → NP_001259802.1  split ends, isoform G [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259802.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PBJ8
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12349
      Location:500 → 573
      RRM2_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 2 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12350
      Location:599 → 671
      RRM3_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 3 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12351
      Location:672 → 748
      RRM4_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 4 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      pfam07744
      Location:5331 → 5454
      SPOC; SPOC domain
      cl23720
      Location:1924 → 1982
      RILP-like; Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 and 2 (Rilpl1 and Rilpl2)

    3. NM_164374.3 → NP_722615.1  split ends, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_722615.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8SX83, Q9NHN1, Q9NJ17, Q9U6C3, Q9VPL1, Q9VPL2
      Related
      FBpp0077781
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12349
      Location:555 → 628
      RRM2_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 2 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12350
      Location:654 → 726
      RRM3_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 3 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12351
      Location:727 → 803
      RRM4_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 4 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      pfam07744
      Location:5404 → 5527
      SPOC; SPOC domain
      cl23720
      Location:1997 → 2055
      RILP-like; Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 and 2 (Rilpl1 and Rilpl2)

    4. NM_001272875.1 → NP_001259804.1  split ends, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259804.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9NCM6
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12349
      Location:500 → 573
      RRM2_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 2 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12350
      Location:599 → 671
      RRM3_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 3 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12351
      Location:672 → 748
      RRM4_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 4 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      pfam07744
      Location:5349 → 5472
      SPOC; SPOC domain
      cl23720
      Location:1942 → 2000
      RILP-like; Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 and 2 (Rilpl1 and Rilpl2)

    5. NM_001258887.2 → NP_001245816.1  split ends, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245816.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9NCM6
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12349
      Location:500 → 573
      RRM2_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 2 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12350
      Location:599 → 671
      RRM3_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 3 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12351
      Location:672 → 748
      RRM4_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 4 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      pfam07744
      Location:5349 → 5472
      SPOC; SPOC domain
      cl23720
      Location:1942 → 2000
      RILP-like; Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 and 2 (Rilpl1 and Rilpl2)

    6. NM_164375.3 → NP_722616.1  split ends, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_722616.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8SX83
      Related
      FBpp0077782
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12349
      Location:498 → 571
      RRM2_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 2 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12350
      Location:597 → 669
      RRM3_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 3 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12351
      Location:670 → 746
      RRM4_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 4 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      pfam07744
      Location:5320 → 5443
      SPOC; SPOC domain
      cl23720
      Location:1940 → 1998
      RILP-like; Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 and 2 (Rilpl1 and Rilpl2)

    7. NM_001272876.1 → NP_001259805.1  split ends, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259805.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PDR5
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12349
      Location:505 → 578
      RRM2_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 2 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12350
      Location:604 → 676
      RRM3_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 3 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12351
      Location:677 → 753
      RRM4_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 4 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      pfam07744
      Location:5354 → 5477
      SPOC; SPOC domain
      cl23720
      Location:1947 → 2005
      RILP-like; Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 and 2 (Rilpl1 and Rilpl2)

    8. NM_001272874.1 → NP_001259803.1  split ends, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259803.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PBZ3
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12349
      Location:498 → 571
      RRM2_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 2 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12350
      Location:597 → 669
      RRM3_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 3 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      cd12351
      Location:670 → 746
      RRM4_SHARP; RNA recognition motif 4 in SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP) and similar proteins
      pfam07744
      Location:5302 → 5425
      SPOC; SPOC domain
      cl23720
      Location:1922 → 1980
      RILP-like; Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 and 2 (Rilpl1 and Rilpl2)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    M9NCM6 M9NCM6
    M9PBJ8 M9PBJ8
    M9PBZ3 M9PBZ3
    M9PDR5 M9PDR5
    Q8SX83.2 Q8SX83
    Q95SE2 Q95SE2

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