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    Gh growth hormone [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 14599, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Ghprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    growth hormoneprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:95707
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000020713 AllianceGenome:MGI:95707
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Gh1; Ghb1
    Summary
    Enables growth hormone receptor binding activity. Acts upstream of or within cellular response to insulin stimulus; regulation of growth; and response to food. Located in several cellular components, including extracellular space; secretory granule; and trans-Golgi network. Is expressed in several structures, including early conceptus; gut; hemolymphoid system; male reproductive system; and pituitary gland. Used to study isolated growth hormone deficiency type II. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including anemia (multiple); autoimmune disease of endocrine system (multiple); diabetic retinopathy; isolated growth hormone deficiency (multiple); and progeria. Orthologous to several human genes including GH1 (growth hormone 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Biased expression in spleen adult (RPKM 2.1), mammary gland adult (RPKM 0.3) and 3 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    11 E1; 11 68.89 cM
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 11 NC_000077.7 (106191087..106194529, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 11 NC_000077.6 (106300261..106303703, complement)

    Chromosome 11 - NC_000077.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr11:106130475-106130662 Neighboring gene SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit D2 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E598 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E3029 Neighboring gene testicular cell adhesion molecule 1 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E10721 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_30919 Neighboring gene CD79B antigen Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E7081 Neighboring gene sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, alpha Neighboring gene proline rich 29

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Cloning and characterisation of the GH gene from the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). Maniou Z, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2002 Jul. PMID 12225773
    2. Growth hormone stimulates adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through activation of the Stat5A/5B-PPARgamma pathway. Kawai M, et al. J Mol Endocrinol, 2007 Feb. PMID 17242167
    3. UV photodegradation of murine growth hormone: chemical analysis and immunogenicity consequences. Fradkin AH, et al. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2014 Jul. PMID 24758742, Free PMC Article
    4. Analysis of gender difference of cardiac risk biomarkers using hGH-transgenic mice. Naraoka H, et al. Exp Anim, 2006 Jan. PMID 16508206
    5. Transgene transmission to progeny by oMt1a-oGH transgenic mice. Thomas AD, et al. Transgenic Res, 2005 Aug. PMID 16201410

    See all (376) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Growth Hormone Action in Somatostatin Neurons Regulates Anxiety and Fear Memory.
      Title: Growth Hormone Action in Somatostatin Neurons Regulates Anxiety and Fear Memory.
    2. Tmem263 deletion disrupts the GH/IGF-1 axis and causes dwarfism and impairs skeletal acquisition.
      Title: Tmem263 deletion disrupts the GH/IGF-1 axis and causes dwarfism and impairs skeletal acquisition.
    3. Promotion of Joint Degeneration and Chondrocyte Metabolic Dysfunction by Excessive Growth Hormone in Mice.
      Title: Promotion of Joint Degeneration and Chondrocyte Metabolic Dysfunction by Excessive Growth Hormone in Mice.
    4. microRNA-449a reduces growth hormone-stimulated senescent cell burden through PI3K-mTOR signaling.
      Title: microRNA-449a reduces growth hormone-stimulated senescent cell burden through PI3K-mTOR signaling.
    5. Ghrelin Gene Deletion Alters Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Adult Female Mice.
      Title: Ghrelin Gene Deletion Alters Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Adult Female Mice.
    6. Neurochemical phenotype of growth hormone-responsive cells in the mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
      Title: Neurochemical phenotype of growth hormone-responsive cells in the mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
    7. Growth Hormone Pulses and Liver Gene Expression Are Differentially Regulated by the Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1.
      Title: Growth Hormone Pulses and Liver Gene Expression Are Differentially Regulated by the Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1.
    8. Stimulation of endogenous pulsatile growth hormone secretion by activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor reduces the fat accumulation and improves the insulin sensitivity in obese mice.
      Title: Stimulation of endogenous pulsatile growth hormone secretion by activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor reduces the fat accumulation and improves the insulin sensitivity in obese mice.
    9. Insulin synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates pituitary growth hormone production.
      Title: Insulin synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates pituitary growth hormone production.
    10. GH directly inhibits steatosis and liver injury in a sex-dependent and IGF1-independent manner.
      Title: GH directly inhibits steatosis and liver injury in a sex-dependent and IGF1-independent manner.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (121)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables cytokine activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables growth factor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables growth factor activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables growth hormone receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables growth hormone receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables growth hormone receptor binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables hormone activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables hormone activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables hormone activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables prolactin receptor binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in animal organ development IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to alkaline pH IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to insulin stimulus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in female pregnancy IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in lung alveolus development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in lung alveolus development ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in neuroblast proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in neuroblast proliferation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of growth ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of multicellular organism growth IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of neurogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of neurogenesis ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of response to nutrient levels IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of response to nutrient levels ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to cytokine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to estradiol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to food IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to light stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to light stimulus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to nutrient levels IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in extracellular space ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    part_of growth hormone receptor complex ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in secretory granule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in secretory granule ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in trans-Golgi network IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in vesicle ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    somatotropin
    Names
    growth hormone b1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_008117.3 → NP_032143.1  somatotropin precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032143.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK019954, AK030419, AL604045, BB024006
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS25554.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P06880, Q544X1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0M6L0K7, Q9R2C3
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000099360.4, ENSMUST00000103071.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd10285
      Location:35 → 214
      somatotropin_like; Somatotropin or growth hormone (GH), placental lactogen, and related pituitary gland hormones

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000077.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      106191087..106194529 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_006532223.3 → XP_006532286.1  somatotropin isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q9R2C3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd10285
      Location:54 → 233
      somatotropin_like; Somatotropin or growth hormone (GH), placental lactogen, and related pituitary gland hormones
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P06880.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P06880

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Other Literature Sources
    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
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