Has2 hyaluronan synthase 2 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Has2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: hyaluronan synthase 2provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:107821
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000022367 AllianceGenome:MGI:107821
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Summary: Enables hyaluronan synthase activity. Involved in several processes, including circulatory system development; extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process; and hyaluronan biosynthetic process. Acts upstream of or within bone morphogenesis and hyaluronan metabolic process. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle and plasma membrane raft. Is active in plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; brain; embryo mesenchyme; heart; and skin. Orthologous to human HAS2 (hyaluronan synthase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in limb E14.5 (RPKM 5.1), CNS E11.5 (RPKM 2.1) and 7 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 15 D1; 15 23.31 cM

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	15	NC_000081.7 (56529023..56557942, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	15	NC_000081.6 (56665627..56694546, complement)

Chromosome 15 - NC_000081.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Knockdown of Hyaluronan synthase 2 suppresses liver fibrosis in mice via induction of transcriptomic changes similar to 4MU treatment.
Title: Knockdown of Hyaluronan synthase 2 suppresses liver fibrosis in mice via induction of transcriptomic changes similar to 4MU treatment.
Hyaluronan synthase 2, a target of miR-200c, promotes carbon tetrachloride-induced acute and chronic liver inflammation via regulation of CCL3 and CCL4.
Title: Hyaluronan synthase 2, a target of miR-200c, promotes carbon tetrachloride-induced acute and chronic liver inflammation via regulation of CCL3 and CCL4.
WNT5A Enhances LH-Mediated Expression of HAS2 in Granulosa Cells.
Title: WNT5A Enhances LH-Mediated Expression of HAS2 in Granulosa Cells.
Has2 Regulates the Development of Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Remodeling and Steroid Insensitivity in Mice.
Title: Has2 Regulates the Development of Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Remodeling and Steroid Insensitivity in Mice.
allergen-challenged mice that overexpress HAS2 in myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells develop increased airway fibrosis, which lessens airway hyperresponsiveness to bronchoconstrictors.
Title: Targeted HAS2 Expression Lessens Airway Responsiveness in Chronic Murine Allergic Airway Disease.
Expression of the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) on type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC@2) are important for AEC2 renewal, repair of lung injury and limiting the extent of fibrosis. Either deletion of TLR4 or HA synthase 2 in surfactant-protein-C-positive AEC2s leads to impaired renewal capacity, severe fibrosis and mortality.
Title: Hyaluronan and TLR4 promote surfactant-protein-C-positive alveolar progenitor cell renewal and prevent severe pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
Has2 mRNA was expressed in the surrounding mesenchyme from E12.0 to 18.0 in both molar and incisor tooth germs, but disappeared after birth.
Title: An in situ hybridization study of Hyaluronan synthase (Has) mRNA in developing mouse molar and incisor tooth germs.
the ineffective repair of injured cartilage in Has1(-/-) joints can be at least partly explained by the markedly enhanced expression of particular genes in pathways linked to ECM turnover, IL-17/IL-6 cytokine signaling, and apoptosis.
Title: Deficiency of hyaluronan synthase 1 (Has1) results in chronic joint inflammation and widespread intra-articular fibrosis in a murine model of knee joint cartilage damage.
these results highlight the role of nSMase2 in apoptosis evoked by nutrient starvation that could contribute to the delayed apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate, and emphasize the antiapoptotic properties of HAS2
Title: Hyaluronan synthase-2 upregulation protects smpd3-deficient fibroblasts against cell death induced by nutrient deprivation, but not against apoptosis evoked by oxidized LDL.
mir-23a-3p causes cellular senescence by targeting hyaluronan synthase 2: possible implication for skin aging.
Title: miR-23a-3p causes cellular senescence by targeting hyaluronan synthase 2: possible implication for skin aging.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (30)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (1)
Targeted (9) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Has2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:546816

PMC314332P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272942

Hsh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:254296

Has2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:256672

Has2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:256673

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables hyaluronan synthase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables hyaluronan synthase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hyaluronan synthase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables hyaluronan synthase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables identical protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in atrioventricular canal development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within bone morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to fluid shear stress	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-1	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in estrous cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in extracellular matrix assembly	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in extracellular matrix assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within hyaluronan metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in kidney development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in polysaccharide biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in polysaccharide biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of monocyte aggregation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of monocyte aggregation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of urine volume	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of extracellular matrix assembly	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of extracellular matrix assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in renal water absorption	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in vasculogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in Golgi membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in lysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane raft	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: hyaluronan synthase 2

Names: HA synthase 2; hyaluronan synthase homolog; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2

NP_032242.3

EC 2.4.1.212

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.