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    PON2 paraoxonase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5445, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PON2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    paraoxonase 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9205
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000105854 MIM:602447; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9205
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the paraoxonase gene family, which includes three known members located adjacent to each other on the long arm of chromosome 7. The encoded protein is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, membrane-bound, and may act as a cellular antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Hydrolytic activity against acylhomoserine lactones, important bacterial quorum-sensing mediators, suggests the encoded protein may also play a role in defense responses to pathogenic bacteria. Mutations in this gene may be associated with vascular disease and a number of quantitative phenotypes related to diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 81.0), adrenal (RPKM 61.6) and 23 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

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    See PON2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    7q21.3
    Exon count:
    9
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 7 NC_000007.14 (95404862..95435028, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 7 NC_060931.1 (96641007..96671530, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 7 NC_000007.13 (95034174..95064340, complement)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, envelope pseudogene Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:95005217-95006416 Neighboring gene paraoxonase 3 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986822 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:95064127-95064697 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10642 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:95099762-95100961 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986823 Neighboring gene ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 4 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 3033 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26294 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26295 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:95156819-95157320 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901699

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. An Engineered Version of Human PON2 Opens the Way to Understand the Role of Its Post-Translational Modifications in Modulating Catalytic Activity. Mandrich L, et al. PLoS One, 2015. PMID 26656916, Free PMC Article
    2. [Association of PON2 gene polymorphisms in neonates with preterm]. Liang HY, et al. Yi Chuan, 2002 Sep. PMID 16135439
    3. Study of lipids, insulin metabolism, and paraoxonase-2-311 polymorphism in patients with different subtypes of Alzheimer's disease (translated version). Mu N, et al. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2013 Sep. PMID 24088404
    4. Breaking the chain at the membrane: paraoxonase 2 counteracts lipid peroxidation at the plasma membrane. Hagmann H, et al. FASEB J, 2014 Apr. PMID 24421402
    5. Response to letter to the editor: Paraoxonase genes and the susceptibility to ischemic stroke. Liu H. Int J Stroke, 2014 Apr. PMID 24636586

    See all (272) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The Human Paraoxonase 2: An Optimized Procedure for Refolding and Stabilization Facilitates Enzyme Analyses and a Proteomics Approach.
      Title: The Human Paraoxonase 2: An Optimized Procedure for Refolding and Stabilization Facilitates Enzyme Analyses and a Proteomics Approach.
    2. Contribution of the Paraoxonase-2 Enzyme to Cancer Cell Metabolism and Phenotypes.
      Title: Contribution of the Paraoxonase-2 Enzyme to Cancer Cell Metabolism and Phenotypes.
    3. Paraoxonase-2 is upregulated in triple negative breast cancer and contributes to tumor progression and chemoresistance.
      Title: Paraoxonase-2 is upregulated in triple negative breast cancer and contributes to tumor progression and chemoresistance.
    4. Interactome of Paraoxonase PON2 Reveals New Pathways for Tumor Growth Regulation.
      Title: Interactome of Paraoxonase PON2 Reveals New Pathways for Tumor Growth Regulation.
    5. PON2 ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte injury by targeting the CANX/NOX4 signaling pathway.
      Title: PON2 ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte injury by targeting the CANX/NOX4 signaling pathway.
    6. Role Played by Paraoxonase-2 Enzyme in Cell Viability, Proliferation and Sensitivity to Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines.
      Title: Role Played by Paraoxonase-2 Enzyme in Cell Viability, Proliferation and Sensitivity to Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines.
    7. Association of Paraoxonase-2 (C1053G) Gene Polymorphism with the Expression of Paraoxonase-2 Gene in Patients of Ischemic Stroke - A Pilot Study in Indian Population.
      Title: Association of Paraoxonase-2 (C1053G) Gene Polymorphism with the Expression of Paraoxonase-2 Gene in Patients of Ischemic Stroke - A Pilot Study in Indian Population.
    8. Paraoxonase 2 C311S single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with type C lesions in coronary atherosclerosis.
      Title: Paraoxonase 2 C311S single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with type C lesions in coronary atherosclerosis.
    9. Airway epithelial Paraoxonase-2 in obese asthma.
      Title: Airway epithelial Paraoxonase-2 in obese asthma.
    10. Insights into the role of paraoxonase 2 in human pathophysiology.
      Title: Insights into the role of paraoxonase 2 in human pathophysiology.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (141)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 is identified to have a physical interaction with paraoxonase 2 (PON2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env HIV-1 gp160 is identified to have a physical interaction with paraoxonase 2 (PON2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed
    Rev rev HIV-1 Rev interacting protein, paraoxonase 2 (PON2), is identified by the in-vitro binding experiments involving cytosolic or nuclear extracts from HeLa cells. The interaction of Rev with PON2 is increased by RRE PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables arylesterase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein homodimerization activity IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in lactone catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to toxic substance IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2
    Names
    A-esterase 2
    PON 2
    aromatic esterase 2
    arylesterase 2
    paraoxonase nirs
    serum aryldialkylphosphatase 2
    NP_000296.2
    NP_001018171.1
    XP_005250510.1
    XP_016867846.1
    XP_054214449.1
    XP_054214450.1
    XP_054214451.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_008725.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5045..35211
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000305.3 → NP_000296.2  serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000296.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AF001601, BC040010, CB961097
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS5640.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4D1H7, B2RCP9, B4DJD5, O15114, O15115, O75856, Q15165, Q5FBX7, Q86YL0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DW02
      Related
      ENSP00000222572.3, ENST00000222572.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam01731
      Location:167 → 252
      Arylesterase; Arylesterase

    2. NM_001018161.2 → NP_001018171.1  serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001018171.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate, in-frame splice site in the coding region, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005021, BC093006
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS47644.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DKM6
      Related
      ENSP00000404622.2, ENST00000433091.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam01731
      Location:155 → 240
      Arylesterase; Arylesterase

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000007.14 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      95404862..95435028 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_005250453.2 → XP_005250510.1  serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005250510.1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam01731
      Location:99 → 184
      Arylesterase; Arylesterase

    2. XM_017012357.3 → XP_016867846.1  serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam01731
      Location:97 → 182
      Arylesterase; Arylesterase

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060931.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      96641007..96671530 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054358474.1 → XP_054214449.1  serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0J9YXF2, B4DW02

    2. XM_054358475.1 → XP_054214450.1  serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 isoform X1

    3. XM_054358476.1 → XP_054214451.1  serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 isoform X2

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q15165.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q15165

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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