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    PPO3 Prophenoloxidase 3 [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 44513, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PPO3provided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    Prophenoloxidase 3provided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0261363
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG42640
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0261363
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    CG2952; CG42640; Dmel\CG42640; DmePPO3; Dox-A3; PPO; Pro-PO3; proPO59; ProPO59
    Old locus tag
    Dmel_CG2952
    Summary
    Enables catechol oxidase activity and tyrosinase activity. Involved in melanotic encapsulation of foreign target. Located in extracellular region. Is expressed in embryonic/larval crystal cell; embryonic/larval lymph gland; lamellocyte; and procrystal cell. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See PPO3 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    59C3-59C3; 2-102 cM
    Exon count:
    4
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2R NT_033778.4 (23064769..23067183)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2R NT_033778.3 (18952292..18954706)

    Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Fatty acid transport protein 2 Neighboring gene Dynactin 3, p24 subunit Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene lethal (2) k09913 Neighboring gene transfer RNA:Serine-TGA 1-1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Regulation and function of the melanization reaction in Drosophila. Tang H. Fly (Austin), 2009 Jan-Mar. PMID 19164947
    2. Lack of signal peptide in insect prophenoloxidase to avoid glycosylation to damage the zymogen activity. Wu K, et al. Dev Comp Immunol, 2024 Nov. PMID 39029607
    3. Specific amino acids affecting Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidase activity in vitro. Chen Y, et al. Dev Comp Immunol, 2012 Sep. PMID 22579944
    4. Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidases respond inconsistently to Cu2+ and have different activity in vitro. Liu F, et al. Dev Comp Immunol, 2012 Mar. PMID 22178920
    5. Properties of Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidases expressed in Escherichia coli. Li X, et al. Dev Comp Immunol, 2012 Apr. PMID 22120533

    See all (76) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. PPO1 and PPO2 contribute to the bulk of melanization in the hemolymph, upon septic or clean injury. In contrast, PPO3, is expressed in lamellocytes and contributes to melanization during the encapsulation process.
      Title: Drosophila innate immunity: regional and functional specialization of prophenoloxidases.
    2. Study found that some amino acids are important for rPPO3 (CG2952) (Cu(2+)-aided auto-activation as well as PPO staining activity in vitro.
      Title: Specific amino acids affecting Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidase activity in vitro.
    3. rPPO1 and rPPO2 were expressed as apo-rPPO and became holo-PPO upon Cu(2+) binding; rPPO3 was holo-PPO immediately after expression.
      Title: Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidases respond inconsistently to Cu2+ and have different activity in vitro.
    4. These results indicate that the expression of CG2952 is very low and that CG8193 is the gene that encodes proPO A3.
      Title: Identification of the gene encoding pro-phenoloxidase A(3) in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster.
    5. biochemical properties, activation mode and in vivo role of Pro-PO3 (PPO3) are likely distinct from those of the other two Pro-PO enzymes involved in Drosophila physiology.
      Title: Involvement of pro-phenoloxidase 3 in lamellocyte-mediated spontaneous melanization in Drosophila.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables catechol oxidase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables oxidoreductase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables tyrosinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in dopamine metabolic process IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in melanotic encapsulation of foreign target IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    prophenoloxidase 3
    Names
    CG42640-PA
    PPO3-PA
    diphenol OxidaseA3
    prophenoloxidase 59
    NP_524760.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      23064769..23067183
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_080021.4 → NP_524760.1  prophenoloxidase 3 [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_524760.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q95R43, Q9BLD9, Q9W1V6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      S0AT10, T2FF94
      Related
      FBpp0291496
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam00372
      Location:150 → 413
      Hemocyanin_M; Hemocyanin, copper containing domain
      pfam03722
      Location:19 → 140
      Hemocyanin_N; Hemocyanin, all-alpha domain
      pfam03723
      Location:422 → 669
      Hemocyanin_C; Hemocyanin, ig-like domain
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9W1V6.1 Q9W1V6

    Gene LinkOut

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