ac achaete [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: acprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: achaeteprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0000022
Locus tag: Dmel_CG3796
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0000022
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 990 E5 F1; Ac; AC; Achaete; achaete-scute; AS-C; AS-C T5; AS-C T5ac; ASC; ascT5; CG3796; Dmel\CG3796; EG:125H10.3; Hw; sc/T5; T5
Summary: Enables protein heterodimerization activity. Contributes to sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including Malpighian tubule development; chaeta morphogenesis; and positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process. Located in nucleus. Part of transcription regulator complex. Is expressed in several structures, including dorsocentral bristle; imaginal disc; neurogenic region; procephalic segment; and somatic precursor cell. Orthologous to several human genes including ASCL2 (achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1A6-1A6; 1-0 cM

Exon count:: 1

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	X	NC_004354.4 (370031..370947)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	X	NC_004354.3 (264064..264980)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Daughterless level sets Emc protein levels in most cells, apparently by stabilizing Emc in heterodimers. Emc is destabilized in proneural regions by local competition for heterodimer formation by proneural bHLH proteins including Atonal or AS-C proteins.
Title: Regulation of the Drosophila ID protein Extra macrochaetae by proneural dimerization partners.
Proneural proteins Achaete and Scute associate with nuclear actin to promote formation of external sensory organs.
Title: Proneural proteins Achaete and Scute associate with nuclear actin to promote formation of external sensory organs.
Data show that flies lacking yar RNAs are viable and show no overt morphological defects, consistent with maintained transcriptional regulation of the adjacent yellow (y) and achaete (ac) genes.
Title: A conserved long noncoding RNA affects sleep behavior in Drosophila.
Studies of the AS-C has contributed to the understanding of eukaryotic gene organization and the dissection of the developmental mechanisms underlying pattern formation.
Title: The complex tale of the achaete-scute complex: a paradigmatic case in the analysis of gene organization and function during development.
quantified the relationship between achaete-scute complex (ASC) polymorphisms and bristle number phenotypes in several new population samples
Title: How repeatable are associations between polymorphisms in achaete-scute and bristle number variation in Drosophila?
achaete, but not scute, is dispensable for development of the peripheral nervous system of Drosophila.
Title: achaete, but not scute, is dispensable for the peripheral nervous system of Drosophila.
Dichaete can physically interact with Ind and Vnd in the Drosophila central nervous system
Title: Linking pattern formation to cell-type specification: Dichaete and Ind directly repress achaete gene expression in the Drosophila CNS.
The general model for generation of periodic pattern in the adult leg is a process involving broad and late activation of achaete
Title: Delta and Hairy establish a periodic prepattern that positions sensory bristles in Drosophila legs.
overexpression of chn enhances expression and the formation of extra sensory organs
Title: Charlatan, a Zn-finger transcription factor, establishes a novel level of regulation of the proneural achaete/scute genes of Drosophila.
Achate-scute is transcriptionally regulated by Suppressor of Hairy wing and Modifier of MDG4
Title: An endogenous Su(Hw) insulator separates the yellow gene from the Achaete-scute gene complex in Drosophila.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein dimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein heterodimerization activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
contributes_to sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
contributes_to sequence-specific DNA binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in central nervous system development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in chaeta morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in chaeta morphogenesis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in nervous system development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in peripheral nervous system development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in peripheral nervous system development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of mitotic cell cycle	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in sensory organ development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in ventral cord development	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of transcription regulator complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: achaete

Names: Achaete/Scute; CG3796-PA; Hairy-wing; ac-PA; achaete-scute; acheate; achete; asc; hairy wing

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

Range

370031..370947

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_057476.3 → NP_476824.1 achaete [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476824.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P10083, Q4V702, Q9W5G4

Related

FBpp0070071

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19744
Location:25 → 94

bHLH_TS_dAS-C_like; basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Drosophila melanogaster achaete-scute complex (AS-C) proteins and similar proteins