Dll Distal-less [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Dllprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: Distal-lessprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0000157
Locus tag: Dmel_CG3629
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0000157
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 2.7; Art; Ba; BcDNA:LP01770; CG3629; dll; DLL; Dmel\CG3629; E(Arp); En(Arp); l(2)01092; l(2)387
Summary: Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis; regionalization; and regulation of gene expression. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including ganglia; imaginal disc; imaginal disc primordium; optic lobe intrinsic neurons; and organism subdivision. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in amelogenesis imperfecta type 4; orofacial cleft 15; split hand-foot malformation 1; split hand-foot malformation 1 with sensorineural hearing loss; and trichodontoosseous syndrome. Orthologous to several human genes including DLX3 (distal-less homeobox 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 60E2-60E2; 2-107 cM

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (24814822..24835667)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (20702345..20723190)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Data show that the Distalless and Engrailed homeodomain transcription factors act through sequences in this enhancer to establish elevated Sex combs reduced (Scr) expression in spatially defined domains.
Title: A Distalless-responsive enhancer of the Hox gene Sex combs reduced is required for segment- and sex-specific sensory organ development in Drosophila.
During antennal development, expression of the selector genes Lim1 and Dll was sharply segregated. Notch signaling induces actomyosin-dependent apical constriction and epithelial fold. Disruption of Notch signaling or the actomyosin network reduces apical constriction and epithelial fold.
Title: Notch-dependent epithelial fold determines boundary formation between developmental fields in the Drosophila antenna.
we find that C15 interacts physically with the Dll activator through contacts between their homeodomain and binds competitively with Dll to adjacent cognate sites on LAE, adding potential new layers of regulation by C15. Lastly, we show that C15 and Bowl activities regulate also rn expression
Title: Tissue-specific enhancer repression through molecular integration of cell signaling inputs.
Characterization of Dll expression in the developing nervous system supports a role of Dll in neural development and function
Title: Expression of the Drosophila homeobox gene, Distal-less, supports an ancestral role in neural development.
Distal-less regulatory element that controls gene expression in leg precursor cells recruits multiple Hox, Extradenticle (Exd) and Homothorax (Hth) complexes to mediate dual outputs: thoracic activation and abdominal repression.
Title: A Hox Transcription Factor Collective Binds a Highly Conserved Distal-less cis-Regulatory Module to Generate Robust Transcriptional Outcomes.
Joint ectopic expression of Dll and Rn is sufficient to cell-autonomously activate endogenous bab2 and LAE-driven reporter expression in wing and haltere cells
Title: Drosophila distal-less and Rotund bind a single enhancer ensuring reliable and robust bric-a-brac2 expression in distinct limb morphogenetic fields.
findings show a spot of dark pigment on fly wings emerged from assembly of a novel gene regulatory module in which a set of pigmentation genes evolved to respond to a common transcriptional regulator determining their spatial distribution; the primitive wing spot pattern subsequently diversified through changes in expression pattern of this regulator
Title: Emergence and diversification of fly pigmentation through evolution of a gene regulatory module.
Hox proteins regulate Dll transcription in part by locally modifying chromatin structure at the Dll locus.
Title: Developmental regulation of chromatin conformation by Hox proteins in Drosophila.
studied a 17kb genomic region in the Dll locus which lies downstream of the coding sequence and found control elements of primary functional importance for the expression of Dll in the leg and in other tissues
Title: Control of Distal-less expression in the Drosophila appendages by functional 3' enhancers.
The medial leg fates are established via a regulatory cascade in which Wg+Dpp activate Distalless and then Distalless directly activates dac, with Wg+Dpp as less critical, permissive inputs.
Title: Establishment of medial fates along the proximodistal axis of the Drosophila leg through direct activation of dachshund by Distalless.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in analia development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in antennal development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in antennal development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cell differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in determination of ventral identity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in genital disc development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in mushroom body development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in proboscis development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in proximal/distal pattern formation, imaginal disc	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in specification of animal organ identity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed