bnl branchless [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: bnlprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: branchlessprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0014135
Locus tag: Dmel_CG4608
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0014135
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: Bnl; BNL; Bnl/FGF; Branchless; CG4608; dFGF; DFGF; DmBnl; Dmel\CG4608; FGF; FGF-2; l(3)06916; l(3)neo52
Summary: Enables chemoattractant activity; fibroblast growth factor receptor binding activity; and morphogen activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation; open tracheal system development; and plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. Located in extracellular region. Colocalizes with cytoneme. Is expressed in several structures, including abdominal tracheal metamere; anterior spiracle primordium; anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing disc; epithelium; and imaginal disc. Used to study developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 47. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including aplasia of lacrimal and salivary glands; cleft lip; developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (multiple); familial isolated trichomegaly; and lacrimoauriculodentodigital syndrome 3. Orthologous to several human genes including FGF3 (fibroblast growth factor 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 92B2-92B3; 3-67 cM

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3R	NT_033777.3 (19794073..19836817, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3R	NT_033777.2 (15619795..15662539, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

FGF signaling promotes myoblast proliferation through activation of wingless signaling.
Title: FGF signaling promotes myoblast proliferation through activation of wingless signaling.
Endocrine regulation of MFS2 by branchless controls phosphate excretion and stone formation in Drosophila renal tubules.
Title: Endocrine regulation of MFS2 by branchless controls phosphate excretion and stone formation in Drosophila renal tubules.
FGF plays a dynamic role in supporting mesoderm cell development to ensure collective mesoderm cell movements, as well as proper differentiation of mesoderm cell types.
Title: FGF controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions during gastrulation by regulating cell division and apicobasal polarity.
ECM over planar cell polarity mutant cells had reduced levels of laminin, Dally and Dlp, and whereas Dpp-receiving ASP cytonemes navigated in the Dally layer and required Dally (but not Dlp), FGF-receiving ASP cytonemes navigated in the Dlp layer, requiring Dlp (but not Dally).
Title: Cells must express components of the planar cell polarity system and extracellular matrix to support cytonemes.
Time lapse imaging shows dynamic reorganization of branchless (bnl)-expressing cells and bnl-receptor breathless (btl) expressing trachea during embryonic development.
Title: Unique patterns of organization and migration of FGF-expressing cells during Drosophila morphogenesis.
Bnl pathway coordinates air sac primordium cells growth by the activation of the EGF ligand Vn expression through the transcription factor Pntp2.
Title: FGF coordinates air sac development by activation of the EGF ligand Vein through the transcription factor PntP2.
Study shows that the Bnl FGF pathway directs not only tracheal outgrowth to the flight muscle as in other tissues, but also T-tubule invasion, and that invasion is activated by a developmental switch in Bnl trafficking that targets Bnl selectively to T-tubules.
Title: Subcellular trafficking of FGF controls tracheal invasion of Drosophila flight muscle.
Hedgehog is a positive regulator of FGF signalling during embryonic tracheal cell migration.
Title: Hedgehog is a positive regulator of FGF signalling during embryonic tracheal cell migration.
The embryonic tracheal inducer branchless FGF (fibroblast growth factor) is expressed dynamically just ahead of progenitor outgrowth in decaying branches.
Title: Progenitor outgrowth from the niche in Drosophila trachea is guided by FGF from decaying branches.
Concerted control of gliogenesis by InR/TOR and FGF signalling in the Drosophila post-embryonic brain
Title: Concerted control of gliogenesis by InR/TOR and FGF signalling in the Drosophila post-embryonic brain.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (23)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Dm0323 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:65211

Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables chemoattractant activity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
enables chemoattractant activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables fibroblast growth factor receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables fibroblast growth factor receptor binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables fibroblast growth factor receptor binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables morphogen activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in branch fusion, open tracheal system	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in branching involved in open tracheal system development	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in compound eye morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cytoneme assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in filopodium assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in genital disc development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in glial cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neurogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in open tracheal system development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of melanization defense response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in primary branching, open tracheal system	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell migration	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in secondary branching, open tracheal system	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in secondary branching, open tracheal system	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in terminal branching, open tracheal system	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in terminal branching, open tracheal system	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
colocalizes_with cytoneme	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: branchless

Names: CG4608-PA; CG4608-PC; CG4608-PD; bnl-PA; bnl-PC; bnl-PD; fibroblast growth factor; fibroblast growth factor protein; fibroblast growth factor)

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

Range

19794073..19836817 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_169874.1 → NP_732452.1 branchless, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_732452.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

P91672, Q9VDT9

Related

FBpp0083206, FBtr0083795

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00442
Location:247 → 376

FGF; Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor family
NM_001300482.1 → NP_001287411.1 branchless, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001287411.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

P91672, Q86NQ2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00442
Location:247 → 376

FGF; Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor family
NM_001144611.1 → NP_001138083.1 branchless, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001138083.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

P91672, Q86NQ2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00442
Location:247 → 376

FGF; Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor family