kst karst [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: kstprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: karstprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0004167
Locus tag: Dmel_CG12008
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0004167
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: beta-Spectrin; betaH; betah-Spec; betaH-Spec; betaH-spectrin; betaHS; betaHSpec; beta[[heavy]]-Spec; beta[[heavy]]-Spectrin; beta[[heavy]]spectrin; beta[[Heavy]]spectrin; beta[[H]]; beta[[H]]-Sp; beta[[H]]-spec; beta[[H]]-Spec; beta[[H]]-SPEC; beta[[H]]-Spectrin; beta[[H]]spectrin; CG12008; Dmel\CG12008; Karst; Kst; l(3)01318; Spec-beta[[H]]
Summary: Enables actin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. Involved in endocytosis and endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway. Located in apical plasma membrane. Colocalizes with actin filament bundle. Is expressed in several structures, including cuboidal/columnar epithelium; epithelial cell; germline cell; salivary gland; and sensory organ cell. Orthologous to human SPTBN5 (spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 5). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 63D2-63D2; 3-8 cM

Exon count:: 18

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3L	NT_037436.4 (3336860..3368133)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3L	NT_037436.3 (3336860..3368133)

Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Competition between myosin II and betaH-spectrin regulates cytoskeletal tension.
Title: Competition between myosin II and β(H)-spectrin regulates cytoskeletal tension.
Spectrin exhibits a mechanosensitive accumulation in response to shear deformation, and is highly elevated at the fusogenic synapse during myoblast fusion.
Title: Spectrin is a mechanoresponsive protein shaping fusogenic synapse architecture during myoblast fusion.
Our data provide the first rigorous test for the general requirement for tetramer-based non-erythroid spectrin networks throughout an organism and find that they have very limited roles, in direct contrast to the current paradigm
Title: Spectrin tetramer formation is not required for viable development in Drosophila.
Cytoplasmic capes are nuclear envelope intrusions that are enriched in endosomal proteins and depend upon betaH-spectrin and Annexin B9.
Title: Cytoplasmic capes are nuclear envelope intrusions that are enriched in endosomal proteins and depend upon βH-spectrin and Annexin B9.
Apical proteins including beta(H) are negatively regulated by Rac1 activation.
Title: Rac1 modulation of the apical domain is negatively regulated by β (Heavy)-spectrin.
A novel relationship is described between the Crumbs partner beta(Heavy)-spectrin (beta(H)), the zona adherens and Roughest.
Title: The cell adhesion molecule Roughest depends on beta(Heavy)-spectrin during eye morphogenesis in Drosophila.
Crumbs interacts with moesin and beta(Heavy)-spectrin in the apical membrane skeleton of Drosophila.
Title: Crumbs interacts with moesin and beta(Heavy)-spectrin in the apical membrane skeleton of Drosophila.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables actin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables actin filament binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables microtubule binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables phospholipid binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in endocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in plasma membrane organization	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in wound healing	HMP more info	PubMed
involved_in zonula adherens assembly	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
colocalizes_with actin filament bundle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in apical plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in apicolateral plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in cell junction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in cell projection	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in cortical actin cytoskeleton	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: karst

Names: CG12008-PA; CG12008-PB; CG12008-PC; CG12008-PE; CG12008-PF; CG12008-PG; CG12008-PH; Spectrin-beta[[H]]; b[Heavy]-spectrin; beta-H spectrin; beta-heavy spectrin; beta-heavy-spectrin; betaH-Spectrin; betaHeavy--spectrin; betaHeavy-Spectrin; beta[[(HEAVY)]]-spectrin; beta[[H]] spectrin; beta[[H]]-spectrin; beta[[Heavy]]-spectrin; kst-PA; kst-PB; kst-PC; kst-PE; kst-PF; kst-PG; kst-PH; spectrin; spectrin beta-heavy chain

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

Range

3336860..3368133

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001202112.2 → NP_001189041.1 karst, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001189041.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

O44084, Q9VZQ3

Conserved Domains (5) summary

smart00326
Location:834 → 884

SH3; Src homology 3 domains

cd00014
Location:146 → 252

CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...

cd00176
Location:2991 → 3200

SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...

cd10571
Location:3750 → 3853

PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

pfam00169
Location:3748 → 3851

PH; PH domain
NM_001274439.1 → NP_001261368.1 karst, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261368.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q7KV70

Conserved Domains (5) summary

smart00326
Location:834 → 884

SH3; Src homology 3 domains

cd00014
Location:146 → 252

CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...

cd00176
Location:2991 → 3200

SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...

cd10571
Location:3750 → 3853

PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

pfam00169
Location:3748 → 3851

PH; PH domain
NM_206265.3 → NP_995987.1 karst, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995987.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q7KV70

Conserved Domains (5) summary

smart00326
Location:834 → 884

SH3; Src homology 3 domains

cd00014
Location:146 → 252

CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...

cd00176
Location:2991 → 3200

SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...

cd10571
Location:3750 → 3853

PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

pfam00169
Location:3748 → 3851

PH; PH domain
NM_206266.3 → NP_995988.1 karst, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995988.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q7KV69

Conserved Domains (5) summary

smart00326
Location:834 → 884

SH3; Src homology 3 domains

cd00014
Location:146 → 252

CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...

cd00176
Location:2991 → 3200

SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...

cd10571
Location:3750 → 3853

PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

pfam00169
Location:3748 → 3851

PH; PH domain
NM_079176.3 → NP_523900.1 karst, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523900.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

O44084, Q9VZQ3

Related

FBpp0072934

Conserved Domains (5) summary

smart00326
Location:834 → 884

SH3; Src homology 3 domains

cd00014
Location:146 → 252

CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...

cd00176
Location:2991 → 3200

SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...

cd10571
Location:3750 → 3853

PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

pfam00169
Location:3748 → 3851

PH; PH domain
NM_001104022.3 → NP_001097492.2 karst, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001097492.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A8JNJ6

Conserved Domains (5) summary

smart00326
Location:885 → 935

SH3; Src homology 3 domains

cd00014
Location:197 → 303

CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...

cd00176
Location:3042 → 3251

SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...

cd10571
Location:3801 → 3904

PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

pfam00169
Location:3799 → 3902

PH; PH domain
NM_001274438.1 → NP_001261367.1 karst, isoform G [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261367.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

M9PBL6

Conserved Domains (5) summary

smart00326
Location:885 → 935

SH3; Src homology 3 domains

cd00014
Location:197 → 303

CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...

cd00176
Location:3042 → 3251

SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...

cd10571
Location:3801 → 3904

PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

pfam00169
Location:3799 → 3902

PH; PH domain

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein

Protein Accession	Links
Protein Accession	GenPept Link	UniProtKB Link
A8JNJ6		A8JNJ6
M9PBL6		M9PBL6
Q23980		Q23980
Q7KQ57		Q7KQ57
Q7KV69		Q7KV69
Q7KV70		Q7KV70
Q8MRH2		Q8MRH2
Q99140		Q99140
Q9VZQ3		Q9VZQ3