U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from GEO Profiles

    • Showing Current items.

    PPP1R2 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5504, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    PPP1R2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9288
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000184203 MIM:601792; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9288
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IPP2; IPP-2; PPP1R2A
    Summary
    Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) is one of the main eukaryotic serine/threonine phosphatases. The protein encoded by this gene binds to the catalytic subunit of PP1, strongly inhibiting its activity. Ten related pseudogenes have been found throughout the human genome. Several splice variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 27.3), testis (RPKM 22.2) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    See PPP1R2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    3q29
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (195514428..195543325, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (198221391..198250329, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (195241224..195270148, complement)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 2 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 22 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21054 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:195154512-195155012 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21055 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15036 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:195163293-195163792 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906341 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:195190192-195191391 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4984 silencer Neighboring gene RNA, U6atac small nuclear 24, pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21056 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21057 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15039 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21058 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15040 Neighboring gene RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 73, pseudogene Neighboring gene RPL24 pseudogene 6

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

    Go to the top of the page Help
    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Genetic analysis of human type 1 protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 in insulin-resistant Pima Indians. Permana PA, et al. Genomics, 1997 Apr 1. PMID 9126490
    2. Multisite phosphorylation and the nuclear localization of phosphatase inhibitor 2-green fluorescent protein fusion protein during S phase of the cell growth cycle. Kakinoki Y, et al. J Biol Chem, 1997 Dec 19. PMID 9405437
    3. Phosphatase inhibitor 2 promotes acetylation of tubulin in the primary cilium of human retinal epithelial cells. Wang W, et al. BMC Cell Biol, 2008 Nov 26. PMID 19036150, Free PMC Article
    4. Phosphorylation of phosphatase inhibitor-2 at centrosomes during mitosis. Leach C, et al. J Biol Chem, 2003 Jul 11. PMID 12697755
    5. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 by inhibitor-2 gene delivery ameliorates heart failure progression in genetic cardiomyopathy. Yamada M, et al. FASEB J, 2006 Jun. PMID 16627625

    See all (70) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The PP1 regulator PPP1R2 coordinately regulates AURKA and PP1 to control centrosome phosphorylation and maintain central spindle architecture.
      Title: The PP1 regulator PPP1R2 coordinately regulates AURKA and PP1 to control centrosome phosphorylation and maintain central spindle architecture.
    2. The results show that contrary to initial observations PPP1R2-related pseudogenes are not simple bystanders of the evolutionary process but may rather be at the origin of genes with novel functions.
      Title: Not so pseudo: the evolutionary history of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 2 and related pseudogenes.
    3. The potential phosphosites in PPP1R2 are substituted by non-phosphorylable residues, T73P and S87R, in PPP1R2P3.
      Title: Identification and characterization of two distinct PPP1R2 isoforms in human spermatozoa.
    4. Pin1 and phosphatase inhibitor-2 are conserved among eukaryotes from yeast to humans and make an ancient partnership that provides a means for regulating Pin1 specificity and function.
      Title: Molecular basis for an ancient partnership between prolyl isomerase Pin1 and phosphatase inhibitor-2.
    5. Results suggest that phosphatase inhibitor 2 localizes to the primary cilium of human retinal epithelial cells where it affects both Ser/Thr phosphorylation and is required for full tubulin acetylation.
      Title: Phosphatase inhibitor 2 promotes acetylation of tubulin in the primary cilium of human retinal epithelial cells.
    6. Conserved together throughout eukaryotic evolution, I-2, PP1 and Aurora B function interdependently during mitosis.
      Title: Phosphatase inhibitor-2 balances protein phosphatase 1 and aurora B kinase for chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in human retinal epithelial cells.
    7. These results indicate that the protein phosphatase-1/inhibitor-2 complex differentially regulates GSK3 dephosphorylation induced by KCl and that GSK3 activity regulates SERCA2 levels.
      Title: The protein phosphatase-1/inhibitor-2 complex differentially regulates GSK3 dephosphorylation and increases sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 levels.
    8. first demonstration that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta associates with PP1C/I-2 complex and phosphorylates I-2 at T72 in intact cells
      Title: Regulation of type 1 protein phosphatase/inhibitor-2 complex by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in intact cells.
    9. PP1C and Inh2 bind to KPI2 to form a regulatory complex that is localized to membranes
      Title: A novel transmembrane Ser/Thr kinase complexes with protein phosphatase-1 and inhibitor-2.
    10. Inh2 can enhance the kinase activity of the Nek2.PP1C complex via inhibition of phosphatase activity to initiate centrosome separation
      Title: Inhibitor-2 regulates protein phosphatase-1 complexed with NimA-related kinase to induce centrosome separation.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

    Phenotypes

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

    Go to the top of the page Help

    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

    Go to the top of the page

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC87148

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables molecular function inhibitor activity EXP
    Inferred from Experiment
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein phosphatase inhibitor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in generation of precursor metabolites and energy TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in glycogen metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    protein phosphatase inhibitor 2
    Names
    phosphoprotein phosphatase
    NP_001278433.1
    NP_001278434.1
    NP_001303254.1
    NP_006232.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001291504.2 → NP_001278433.1  protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC069213
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E7EMN6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam04979
      Location:45 → 164
      IPP-2; Protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 (IPP-2)

    2. NM_001291505.2 → NP_001278434.1  protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice site, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC069213
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E7EMN6
      Related
      ENSP00000400238.1, ENST00000438848.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam04979
      Location:45 → 137
      IPP-2; Protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 (IPP-2)

    3. NM_001316325.2 → NP_001303254.1  protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) contains an alternate exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice site, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC069213, BC007655, BI560631
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P41236
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam04979
      Location:52 → 143
      IPP-2; Protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 (IPP-2)

    4. NM_006241.8 → NP_006232.1  protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006232.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA259068, AC069213, BC007655
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3309.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P41236
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E7EMN6
      Related
      ENSP00000484580.1, ENST00000618156.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam04979
      Location:45 → 164
      IPP-2; Protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 (IPP-2)

    RNA

    1. NR_133014.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate exon compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC069213, BC007655, BI549862

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      195514428..195543325 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      198221391..198250329 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P41236.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P41236

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools