ball ballchen [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: ballprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: ballchenprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0027889
Locus tag: Dmel_CG6386
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0027889
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: Ball; BALL; BcDNA:LD09009; CG6386; Dmel\CG6386; nhk-1; NHK-1; NHK1; trip; VRK
Summary: Enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity and protein kinase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including chromosome organization; cytoskeleton organization; and female germ-line stem cell population maintenance. Located in chromatin; nucleolus; and sarcomere. Is expressed in several structures, including embryonic brain; embryonic epidermis; germarium; neuroblast of ventral nervous system; and presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autosomal recessive distal hereditary motor neuronopathy 10 and pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1A. Orthologous to several human genes including VRK1 (VRK serine/threonine kinase 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 97D3-97D3; 3-92 cM

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3R	NT_033777.3 (26864605..26866807, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3R	NT_033777.2 (22690327..22692529, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

A genome-wide RNAi screen for genes important for proliferation of cultured Drosophila cells at low temperature identifies the Ball/VRK protein kinase.
Title: A genome-wide RNAi screen for genes important for proliferation of cultured Drosophila cells at low temperature identifies the Ball/VRK protein kinase.
NHK-1 in chromosome condensation phosphorylates Barrier-to-autointegration factor and suppress its activity in linking chromosomes to nuclear envelope proteins and is important for chromosome condensation during mitosis as well as in oocytes.
Title: The NuRD nucleosome remodelling complex and NHK-1 kinase are required for chromosome condensation in oocytes.
Data suggest that NHK-1 is a crucial regulator of meiosis and that the meiotic checkpoint suppresses NHK-1 activity to prevent oocyte nuclear reorganisation until DNA breaks are repaired.
Title: The meiotic recombination checkpoint suppresses NHK-1 kinase to prevent reorganisation of the oocyte nucleus in Drosophila.
BAF phosphorylation by NHK-1 disrupts anchorage of chromosomes to the nuclear envelope, allowing karyosome formation in oocytes.
Title: NHK-1 phosphorylates BAF to allow karyosome formation in the Drosophila oocyte nucleus.
NHK-1 is essential for mitotic progression and unifying acentrosomal meiotic spindles in Drosophila melanogaster
Title: The conserved kinase NHK-1 is essential for mitotic progression and unifying acentrosomal meiotic spindles in Drosophila melanogaster.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Dm1633 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41757

Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA damage response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in chromosome condensation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in female germ-line stem cell population maintenance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in female meiotic nuclear division	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in flight	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in male germ-line stem cell population maintenance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in meiotic cell cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic sister chromatid segregation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic spindle organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuronal stem cell population maintenance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in oocyte karyosome formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in post-translational protein modification	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in sarcomere organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in synaptonemal complex assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in M band	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in Z disc	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in chromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleolus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in sarcomere	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: ballchen

Names: CG6386-PA; CG6386-PB; ball-PA; ball-PB; nuclear histone kinase-1; nucleosomal histone kinase-1; triplet

NP_651508.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NP_733171.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

Range

26864605..26866807 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_143251.1 → NP_651508.1 ballchen, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_651508.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q7KRY6, Q9U9Q0, Q9VBB2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A4V3G8

Related

FBpp0084465, FBtr0085095

Conserved Domains (3) summary

COG0515
Location:47 → 432

SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]

cd14015
Location:36 → 328

STKc_VRK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase

pfam08418
Location:399 → 502

Pol_alpha_B_N; DNA polymerase alpha subunit B N-terminal
NM_170292.2 → NP_733171.1 ballchen, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_733171.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q7KRY6, Q9U9Q0, Q9VBB2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A4V3G8

Related

FBpp0084466

Conserved Domains (3) summary

COG0515
Location:47 → 432

SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]

cd14015
Location:36 → 328

STKc_VRK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase

pfam08418
Location:399 → 502

Pol_alpha_B_N; DNA polymerase alpha subunit B N-terminal