ash1 absent, small, or homeotic discs 1 [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: ash1provided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: absent, small, or homeotic discs 1provided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0005386
Locus tag: Dmel_CG8887
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0005386
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: ash; Ash; Ash 1; ash-1; ASH-1; Ash1; ASH1; CG8887; dash; Dmel\CG8887; l(3)76BDb; l(3)SG29a
Summary: Enables chromatin binding activity; histone acetyltransferase binding activity; and protein-lysine N-methyltransferase activity. Involved in several processes, including egg-laying behavior; embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm; and regulation of gene expression. Located in chromatin and polytene chromosome. Part of histone methyltransferase complex. Is expressed in imaginal disc; nurse cell; organism; and spermatozoon. Used to study autism spectrum disorder and developmental disorder of mental health. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 52. Orthologous to human ASH1L (ASH1 like histone lysine methyltransferase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 76B8-76B9; 3-45 cM

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3L	NT_037436.4 (19590773..19598755, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3L	NT_037436.3 (19583873..19591855, complement)

Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The Trithorax group protein ASH1 requires a combination of BAH domain and AT hooks, but not the SET domain, for mitotic chromatin binding and survival.
Title: The Trithorax group protein ASH1 requires a combination of BAH domain and AT hooks, but not the SET domain, for mitotic chromatin binding and survival.
Trx, Ash1, and CBP proteins are required for the correct chromosome segregation and that Ash1 and CBP mediate for Cid/CENP-A recruitment at centromeres through post-translational histone modifications. Centromeric H3 histone is consistently acetylated in K27 by CBP and that nej and ash1 silencing respectively causes a decrease in H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 methylation along with an impairment of Cid loading.
Title: A role of the Trx-G complex in Cid/CENP-A deposition at Drosophila melanogaster centromeres.
Mrg15 is a subunit of the Ash1 complex, a stimulator of Ash1 enzymatic activity and a critical regulator of the TrxG protein function of Ash1 in Drosophila.
Title: Mrg15 stimulates Ash1 H3K36 methyltransferase activity and facilitates Ash1 Trithorax group protein function in Drosophila.
Ash1 HMTase activity is activated by MRG15, a subunit of the identified Ash1 complex, and that this complex, rather than the Ash1 protein alone, is the active form of this H3K36 methyltransferase, both in vitro and in vivo.
Title: Regulation and function of H3K36 di-methylation by the trithorax-group protein complex AMC.
If ASH1 or TRX function is lost or reduced, heterochromatin can spread into these domains creating a sink that diverts heterochromatic proteins from other variegating locations, which then may express a suppressed phenotype.
Title: Mutations in ash1 and trx enhance P-element-dependent silencing in Drosophila melanogaster.
Physical interaction of ASH1 with FSH activates global transcription.
Title: The BET protein FSH functionally interacts with ASH1 to orchestrate global gene activity in Drosophila.
loss of ASH1 significantly decreases H3K36 dimethylation, providing further evidence that ASH1 is an H3K36 dimethylase in vivo.
Title: The trithorax group proteins Kismet and ASH1 promote H3K36 dimethylation to counteract Polycomb group repression in Drosophila.
lysine to arginine substitution of histone H3 at position 36 abolished the methyltransferase activity of Drosophila ASH1, suggesting that K36 is their specific target
Title: Trithorax-group protein ASH1 methylates histone H3 lysine 36.
implication that ASH1 is required for essentially all H3-K4 methylation that occurs in vivo
Title: ASH1, a Drosophila trithorax group protein, is required for methylation of lysine 4 residues on histone H3.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables chromatin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3K36 dimethyltransferase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables histone H3K36 methyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
NOT enables histone H3K9 methyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT enables histone H4K20 methyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone acetyltransferase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables histone methyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone methyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in egg-laying behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in oogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in transposable element silencing by heterochromatin formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of histone methyltransferase complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in polytene chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of protein-containing complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: absent, small, or homeotic discs 1

Names: Absent, small or homeotic 1; Absent, small or homeotic discs 1; Absent, small, or homeotic disc 1; CG8887-PB; CG8887-PC; absent small or homeotic 1; ash1-PB; ash1-PC; discs absent, small, or homeotic; discs absent, small, or homeotic-1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

Range

19590773..19598755 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_079436.3 → NP_524160.2 absent, small, or homeotic discs 1, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_524160.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8WHI9, M9NFL0, Q24189, Q8MQX5, Q9VW15

Conserved Domains (5) summary

cd05525
Location:1680 → 1787

Bromo_ASH1; Bromodomain; ASH1_like sub-family. ASH1 (absent, small, or homeotic 1) is a member of the trithorax-group in Drosophila melanogaster, an epigenetic transcriptional regulator of HOX genes. Drosophila ASH1 has been shown to methylate specific lysines in ...

smart00570
Location:1340 → 1388

AWS; associated with SET domains

smart00317
Location:1392 → 1512

SET; SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domain

cd04717
Location:1929 → 2073

BAH_polybromo; BAH, or Bromo Adjacent Homology domain, as present in polybromo and yeast RSC1/2. The human polybromo protein (BAF180) is a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex PBAF. It is thought that polybromo participates in transcriptional ...

cd15548
Location:1858 → 1900

PHD_ASH1L; PHD finger found in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASH1L
NM_001259905.1 → NP_001246834.1 absent, small, or homeotic discs 1, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001246834.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8WHI9, M9NFL0, Q24189, Q8MQX5, Q9VW15

Conserved Domains (5) summary

cd05525
Location:1680 → 1787

Bromo_ASH1; Bromodomain; ASH1_like sub-family. ASH1 (absent, small, or homeotic 1) is a member of the trithorax-group in Drosophila melanogaster, an epigenetic transcriptional regulator of HOX genes. Drosophila ASH1 has been shown to methylate specific lysines in ...

smart00570
Location:1340 → 1388

AWS; associated with SET domains

smart00317
Location:1392 → 1512

SET; SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domain

cd04717
Location:1929 → 2073

BAH_polybromo; BAH, or Bromo Adjacent Homology domain, as present in polybromo and yeast RSC1/2. The human polybromo protein (BAF180) is a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex PBAF. It is thought that polybromo participates in transcriptional ...

cd15548
Location:1858 → 1900

PHD_ASH1L; PHD finger found in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASH1L