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    pal peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein Pal [ Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 ]

    Gene ID: 945004, updated on 17-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    pal
    Official Full Name
    peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein Pal
    Primary source
    ECOCYC:EG10684
    Locus tag
    b0741
    See related
    ASAP:ABE-0002521
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
    Lineage
    Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
    Also known as
    ECK0730; excC
    Summary
    Cell envelope integrity is stabilized by the Tol-Pal system linking inner and outer membranes. [More information is available at EcoGene: EG10684]. Pal is a peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein member of the YbgC-YbgF-TolQ-R-A-B-Pal Cell Envelope Complex, also known as the Tol-Pal system . [More information is available at EcoCyc: EG10684].
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    Genomic context

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    Sequence:
    NC_000913.3 (779067..779588)

    NC_000913.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Tol-Pal system protein TolA Neighboring gene Tol-Pal system periplasmic protein TolB Neighboring gene cell division coordinator CpoB Neighboring gene tRNA-Lys

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_000913.3

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The lipoprotein Pal stabilises the bacterial outer membrane during constriction by a mobilisation-and-capture mechanism. Szczepaniak J, et al. Nat Commun, 2020 Mar 11. PMID 32161270, Free PMC Article
    2. Deletion analyses of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein Pal reveals three independent binding sequences including a TolA box. Cascales E, et al. Mol Microbiol, 2004 Feb. PMID 14731286
    3. In vitro characterization of peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL)-peptidoglycan and PAL-TolB interactions. Bouveret E, et al. J Bacteriol, 1999 Oct. PMID 10515919, Free PMC Article
    4. Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein of Escherichia coli K12. Chen R, et al. Eur J Biochem, 1987 Feb 16. PMID 3545827
    5. Cloning of the excC and excD genes involved in the release of periplasmic proteins by Escherichia coli K12. Lazzaroni JC, et al. Mol Gen Genet, 1989 Sep. PMID 2573819

    See all (60) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Pal accumulation at E. coli division sites is a consequence of three key functions of the Tol system. First, Tol mobilises Pal molecules in dividing cells. Second, Tol actively captures mobilised Pal and deposits it at the division septum. Third, the active capture mechanism is analogous to that used by the inner membrane protein TonB to dislodge the plug domains of outer membrane TonB-dependent nutrient transporters.
      Title: The lipoprotein Pal stabilises the bacterial outer membrane during constriction by a mobilisation-and-capture mechanism.
    2. Interestingly, Pal is surface exposed in an 'all or nothing' manner, such that most of the cells contain only internal Pal, with fewer cells ( < 20 %) exhibiting surface Pal.
      Title: Dual orientation of the outer membrane lipoprotein Pal in Escherichia coli.
    3. We report here that the coexpression of LolA and outer membrane-specific lipoprotein Pal from a very efficient plasmid causes the unusual accumulation of the LolA-Pal complex in the periplasm.
      Title: Large-scale preparation of the homogeneous LolA lipoprotein complex and efficient in vitro transfer of lipoproteins to the outer membrane in a LolB-dependent manner.
    4. Pal constitutes a dynamic subcomplex of the division apparatus
      Title: The trans-envelope Tol-Pal complex is part of the cell division machinery and required for proper outer-membrane invagination during cell constriction in E. coli.
    5. explains how colicins recruit TolB in the bacterial periplasm and highlights a novel binding mechanism for a natively disordered protein
      Title: Molecular mimicry enables competitive recruitment by a natively disordered protein.
    6. absence of TolA and Pal elicits a sustained extracytoplasmic stress response that in turn reduces O-antigen polymerization but does not affect the stability of the Wzy O-antigen polymerase
      Title: Defective O-antigen polymerization in tolA and pal mutants of Escherichia coli in response to extracytoplasmic stress.
    7. role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and imply that physiologically relevant PAL and LPS are shed into serum and act in concert to initiate inflammation in sepsis.
      Title: Bacterial peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein: a naturally occurring toll-like receptor 2 agonist that is shed into serum and has synergy with lipopolysaccharide.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by EcoCyc

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell division IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell division IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cell division NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell septum assembly EXP
    Inferred from Experiment
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of membrane invagination NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cell division site IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in cell outer membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cell outer membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cell outer membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in membrane NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in outer membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein Pal

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

      Range
      779067..779588
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NP_415269.1 peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein Pal [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_415269.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A1X3I850, A0A1X3JKA5, A0AAJ3P0C1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PRK10802
      Location:1 → 173
      PRK10802; peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein Pal
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

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