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    mazF endoribonuclease toxin MazF [ Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 ]

    Gene ID: 947252, updated on 3-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    mazF
    Official Full Name
    endoribonuclease toxin MazF
    Primary source
    ECOCYC:EG11249
    Locus tag
    b2782
    See related
    ASAP:ABE-0009119
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
    Lineage
    Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
    Also known as
    chpA; chpAK; ECK2776
    Summary
    MazF is a sequence-specific (ACA) endoribonuclease, induced by amino acid starvation, but in a lon-dependent, ppGpp-independent fashion. [More information is available at EcoGene: EG11249]. MazF is a toxin that is counteracted by the MazE antitoxin . [More information is available at EcoCyc: EG11249].
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    Genomic context

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    Sequence:
    NC_000913.3 (2910756..2911091, complement)

    NC_000913.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene CTP synthetase Neighboring gene nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase Neighboring gene antitoxin of the MazF-MazE toxin-antitoxin system MazE Neighboring gene GDP/GTP pyrophosphokinase Neighboring gene 23S rRNA m(5)U1939 methyltransferase

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_000913.3

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Stress-Induced MazF-Mediated Proteins in Escherichia coli. Nigam A, et al. mBio, 2019 Mar 26. PMID 30914510, Free PMC Article
    2. MazF, an mRNA interferase, mediates programmed cell death during multicellular Myxococcus development. Nariya H, et al. Cell, 2008 Jan 11. PMID 18191220
    3. A continuous fluorometric assay for the assessment of MazF ribonuclease activity. Wang NR, et al. Anal Biochem, 2007 Dec 15. PMID 17706586, Free PMC Article
    4. Single protein production (SPP) system in Escherichia coli. Suzuki M, et al. Nat Protoc, 2007. PMID 17641648
    5. Insights into the specificity of RNA cleavage by the Escherichia coli MazF toxin. Muñoz-Gómez AJ, et al. FEBS Lett, 2004 Jun 4. PMID 15178344

    See all (75) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The increase in growth rate heterogeneity is governed by the MazE antitoxin, and tuned by the MazF-dependent mazF mRNA cleavage.
      Title: Autoregulation of mazEF expression underlies growth heterogeneity in bacterial populations.
    2. The authors show that the mRNAs of almost all of them are characterized by the presence of an ACA site up to 100 nucleotides upstream of the AUG initiator. Therefore, under stressful conditions, induced MazF processes mRNAs that are translated by stress-induced translation machinery.
      Title: Stress-Induced MazF-Mediated Proteins in Escherichia coli.
    3. MazF rapidly disrupts ribosome biogenesis by targeting both ribosomal protein transcripts and rRNA precursors, helping to inhibit cell growth.
      Title: Global Analysis of the E. coli Toxin MazF Reveals Widespread Cleavage of mRNA and the Inhibition of rRNA Maturation and Ribosome Biogenesis.
    4. results show that both toxins cleave mRNA independently of the recognition site position and MazF freely cleaves transcripts of the proposed MazF regulon within coding sequences.
      Title: Fragmentation of Escherichia coli mRNA by MazF and MqsR.
    5. By removing the 3-terminus of the 16S rRNA, MazF generates specialized ribosomes that selectively translate mRNAs likewise processed by MazF.
      Title: The RNA ligase RtcB reverses MazF-induced ribosome heterogeneity in Escherichia coli.
    6. study could not reproduce mazEF mediated programmed cell death
      Title: Escherichia coli MazEF toxin-antitoxin system does not mediate programmed cell death.
    7. The crystal structure of EcMazF in complex with a 7-nucleotide substrate mimic explains the relaxed substrate specificity of the E. coli enzyme relative to its Bacillus subtilis counterpart and provides a framework for rationalizing specificity in this enzyme family.
      Title: Substrate Recognition and Activity Regulation of the Escherichia coli mRNA Endonuclease MazF.
    8. Finally, the ADP-ribosylation of Escherichia coli MazF by bacteriophage T4 Alt resulted in the reduction of MazF RNA cleavage activity in vitro, suggesting that it may function to inactivate MazF during T4 infection.
      Title: An ADP-ribosyltransferase Alt of bacteriophage T4 negatively regulates the Escherichia coli MazF toxin of a toxin-antitoxin module.
    9. The MazF-mediated persistence phenotype was found to be independent of RecA and dependent on the presence of the ClpP and Lon proteases.
      Title: MazF-induced growth inhibition and persister generation in Escherichia coli.
    10. The mazE and mazF-mediated cell death pathway prevents the effect of DNA damage on membrane depolarization in E. coli.
      Title: Two programmed cell death systems in Escherichia coli: an apoptotic-like death is inhibited by the mazEF-mediated death pathway.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (22)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by EcoCyc

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA endonuclease activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA endonuclease activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables endonuclease activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables molecular function activator activity EXP
    Inferred from Experiment
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein homodimerization activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein-containing complex binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in defense response to virus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in mRNA catabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in mRNA catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of cell growth IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of programmed cell death IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in quorum sensing IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in rRNA catabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in rRNA catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of growth IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of translation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in single-species biofilm formation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of protein-containing complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of toxin-antitoxin complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    endoribonuclease toxin MazF

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

      Range
      2910756..2911091 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NP_417262.1 endoribonuclease toxin MazF [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_417262.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      W1WRX3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PRK09907
      Location:1 → 111
      PRK09907; endoribonuclease MazF
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

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