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    par-1 par-1 [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 2768852, updated on 27-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    par-1provided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    par-1provided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0260934
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG8201
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0260934
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    27C1; anon-WO0210402.19; BcDNA:RH48823; CG11960; CG16701; CG30131; CG30132; CG8201; dMARK; Dmel\CG8201; dPar-1; dPAR-1; DPAR-1; dPar1; dPAR1; DPar1; EMK; l(2)27C1; l(2)k06323; MARK; Par-1; PAR-1; par1; Par1; PAR1
    Summary
    Enables tau-protein kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including establishment of planar polarity; negative regulation of hippo signaling; and oogenesis. Located in several cellular components, including basolateral plasma membrane; fusome; and type I terminal bouton. Is expressed in several structures, including adult head; embryonic/larval anterior midgut; embryonic/larval fat body; fusome; and germline cell. Used to study neurodegenerative disease and visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi. Orthologous to several human genes including MARK1 (microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1) and MARK2 (microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See par-1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    56D9-56D11; 2-89 cM
    Exon count:
    23
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2R NT_033778.4 (19456170..19485686)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2R NT_033778.3 (15343675..15373191)

    Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene beta-Tubulin at 56D Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene meiotic W68 Neighboring gene Tubulin-binding cofactor B Neighboring gene Outer segment 6 Neighboring gene Rab escort protein Neighboring gene hippo

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. An integrative approach to ortholog prediction for disease-focused and other functional studies. Hu Y, et al. BMC Bioinformatics, 2011 Aug 31. PMID 21880147, Free PMC Article
    2. PAR-1 for the course of neurodegeneration. Fortini ME. Cell, 2004 Mar 5. PMID 15006343
    3. Displacement of basolateral Bazooka/PAR-3 by regulated transport and dispersion during epithelial polarization in Drosophila. McKinley RF, et al. Mol Biol Cell, 2012 Nov. PMID 23015757, Free PMC Article
    4. Role of Tau, a microtubule associated protein, in Drosophila photoreceptor morphogenesis. Nam SC. Genesis, 2016 Nov. PMID 27579500
    5. Tau phosphorylation at Alzheimer's disease-related Ser356 contributes to tau stabilization when PAR-1/MARK activity is elevated. Ando K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2016 Sep 16. PMID 27520376, Free PMC Article

    See all (306) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Kinesin-1 patterns Par-1 and Rho signaling at the cortex of syncytial embryos of Drosophila.
      Title: Kinesin-1 patterns Par-1 and Rho signaling at the cortex of syncytial embryos of Drosophila.
    2. A Novel Interaction between MFN2/Marf and MARK4/PAR-1 Is Implicated in Synaptic Defects and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
      Title: A Novel Interaction between MFN2/Marf and MARK4/PAR-1 Is Implicated in Synaptic Defects and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
    3. The Basolateral Polarity Module Promotes Slit Diaphragm Formation in Drosophila Nephrocytes, a Model of Vertebrate Podocytes.
      Title: The Basolateral Polarity Module Promotes Slit Diaphragm Formation in Drosophila Nephrocytes, a Model of Vertebrate Podocytes.
    4. Actin-microtubule crosslinker Pod-1 tunes PAR-1 signaling to control synaptic development and tau-mediated synaptic toxicity.
      Title: Actin-microtubule crosslinker Pod-1 tunes PAR-1 signaling to control synaptic development and tau-mediated synaptic toxicity.
    5. Par-1 is required for cells to form cortical actin caps following syncytial Drosophila embryo development
      Title: Par-1 controls the composition and growth of cortical actin caps during Drosophila embryo cleavage.
    6. Par-1 role in the eye during development.
      Title: Visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi caused by recessive pathogenic variant in MARK3.
    7. localization of BRP-an essential active zone scaffolding protein in Drosophila, depends on the precise balance of neuronal Par-1 kinase.
      Title: Levels of Par-1 kinase determine the localization of Bruchpilot at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction synapses.
    8. orb interacts genetically with aPKC and cdc42 and in egg chambers compromised for orb activity, Par-1 and aPKC protein and aPKC mRNA are mislocalized. Moreover, like cdc42-, the defects in Par protein localization appear to be connected to abnormalities in the cortical actin cytoskeleton.
      Title: The CPEB translational regulator, Orb, functions together with Par proteins to polarize the Drosophila oocyte.
    9. Here, the authors show that the kinase PAR-1 is required for dendrite pruning and dendritic microtubule breakdown.
      Title: PAR-1 promotes microtubule breakdown during dendrite pruning in Drosophila.
    10. Shot/Patronin foci are excluded from the oocyte posterior by the Par-1 polarity kinase to generate the polarized microtubule network that localizes axis determinants
      Title: Patronin/Shot Cortical Foci Assemble the Noncentrosomal Microtubule Array that Specifies the Drosophila Anterior-Posterior Axis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (40)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables tau-protein kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables tau-protein kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in axis specification IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in border follicle cell delamination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in border follicle cell migration IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in germarium-derived oocyte fate determination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in pole plasm oskar mRNA localization TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in pole plasm protein localization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of border follicle cell migration IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in basolateral plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cell cortex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in fusome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in germline ring canal IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in neuromuscular junction IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in type I terminal bouton IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    par-1
    Names
    C-TAK1-like
    CG8201-PA
    CG8201-PH
    CG8201-PL
    CG8201-PP
    CG8201-PQ
    CG8201-PR
    CG8201-PS
    CG8201-PT
    CG8201-PV
    CG8201-PW
    CG8201-PX
    ELKL motif kinase
    Par-1
    Par-1 kinase
    Par-1 protein kinase
    lethal (2) 27C1
    par-1-PA
    par-1-PH
    par-1-PL
    par-1-PP
    par-1-PQ
    par-1-PR
    par-1-PS
    par-1-PT
    par-1-PV
    par-1-PW
    par-1-PX
    partitioning defective-1
    NP_001014539.1
    NP_001014540.2
    NP_001014542.1
    NP_001163208.1
    NP_001163209.1
    NP_001163210.1
    NP_001163211.1
    NP_995893.1
    NP_995894.2
    NP_995899.2
    NP_995900.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      19456170..19485686
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_206177.3 → NP_995899.2  par-1, isoform V [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A1ZBL5
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd12196
      Location:852 → 949
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:253 → 504
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:525 → 566
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:252 → 504
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    2. NM_206178.3 → NP_995900.1  par-1, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q9V8V8
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd12196
      Location:839 → 936
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:253 → 504
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:525 → 563
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:252 → 504
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    3. NM_206172.3 → NP_995894.2  par-1, isoform X [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A1ZBL9
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd12196
      Location:839 → 936
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:253 → 504
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:525 → 563
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:252 → 504
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    4. NM_001014542.3 → NP_001014542.1  par-1, isoform L [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NPA6
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00220
      Location:253 → 504
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:525 → 563
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:252 → 504
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    5. NM_001169739.2 → NP_001163210.1  par-1, isoform S [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E1JGM9
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00220
      Location:253 → 504
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:525 → 563
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:252 → 504
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    6. NM_001014540.3 → NP_001014540.2  par-1, isoform W [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q963E6
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00220
      Location:253 → 504
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:525 → 563
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:252 → 504
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    7. NM_206171.4 → NP_995893.1  par-1, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A1ZBL7
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00220
      Location:376 → 627
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:648 → 686
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:375 → 627
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    8. NM_001014539.3 → NP_001014539.1  par-1, isoform Q [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q7K9Q9, Q8MQR8

    9. NM_001169740.2 → NP_001163211.1  par-1, isoform T [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q95U75, Q963E5
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00220
      Location:481 → 732
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:753 → 794
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:480 → 732
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    10. NM_001169737.2 → NP_001163208.1  par-1, isoform P [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E1JGN0, Q95U75
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd12196
      Location:1042 → 1139
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:481 → 732
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:753 → 794
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:480 → 732
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    11. NM_001169738.2 → NP_001163209.1  par-1, isoform R [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q7YU80, Q95U75
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00220
      Location:481 → 732
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14337
      Location:753 → 791
      UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
      cd14072
      Location:480 → 732
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    A1ZBL5 A1ZBL5
    A1ZBL7 A1ZBL7
    A1ZBL9 A1ZBL9
    E1JGM9 E1JGM9
    E1JGN0 E1JGN0
    Q6NPA6 Q6NPA6
    Q7K9Q9 Q7K9Q9
    Q7YU80 Q7YU80
    Q8IGD5 Q8IGD5
    Q8MQR8 Q8MQR8
    Q95T80 Q95T80
    Q95U75 Q95U75
    Q963E5 Q963E5
    Q963E6 Q963E6
    Q9V8V7 Q9V8V7
    Q9V8V8 Q9V8V8

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