G9a G9a [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: G9aprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: G9aprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0040372
Locus tag: Dmel_CG2995
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0040372
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: cab65850 G9a Dm; CG2995; dG9a; Dmel\CG2995; EG:BACR37P7.2; EHMT; G9ae
Summary: Enables histone methyltransferase activity. Involved in facultative heterochromatin formation. Located in euchromatin and polytene chromosome interband. Is active in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including adult brain; cystic bulge; embryonic/larval epidermis; germarium; and germline cell. Used to study Kleefstra syndrome 1 and viral infectious disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Kleefstra syndrome; Kleefstra syndrome 1; and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Orthologous to several human genes including EHMT2 (euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1A1-1A1; 1-0 cM

Exon count:: 10

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	X	NC_004354.4 (245978..254650)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	X	NC_004354.3 (140011..148683)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The epigenetic regulator G9a interacts with For to regulate strain-specific adult foraging behavior through allele-specific histone methylation of a For promoter (pr4).
Title: Epigenetic mechanisms modulate differences in Drosophila foraging behavior.
trr and G9a also have common direct targets, including the Drosophila ortholog of Arc (Arc1), a key regulator of synaptic plasticity. Our data highlight the clinical and molecular convergence between the KMT2 and EHMT protein families, which may contribute to a molecular network underlying a larger group of intellectual disability / autism spectrum disorder -related disorders.
Title: Functional convergence of histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and KMT2C involved in intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.
These data demonstrate a strong genetic link between dG9a and the EGFR signaling pathway.
Title: Genome-wide genetic screen identified the link between dG9a and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in vivo.
Authors show that the time required for hatching of a homozygous dG9a null mutant and heteroallelic combination of dG9a null mutants is delayed, suggesting that dG9a is at least partially responsible for progression of embryogenesis.
Title: Genomewide identification of target genes of histone methyltransferase dG9a during Drosophila embryogenesis.
G9a-deficient mutants are more sensitive to RNA virus infection and succumb faster to infection than wild-type controls
Title: The epigenetic regulator G9a mediates tolerance to RNA virus infection in Drosophila.
EHMT/G9a as a key regulator of cognition that orchestrates an epigenetic program featuring classic learning and memory genes
Title: Epigenetic regulation of learning and memory by Drosophila EHMT/G9a.
associated with spectrosome/fusome formation in the germarium
Title: Drosophila G9a is implicated in germ cell development.
the function of dG9a is negatively regulated by the Polycomb group complex and positively regulated by little imaginal discs in vivo
Title: Characterization of Drosophila G9a in vivo and identification of genetic interactants.
Results suggest that atrophin recruits histone deacetylases 1 and 2 and G9a to modify histone H3K9 and to determine cell fates.
Title: Atrophin recruits HDAC1/2 and G9a to modify histone H3K9 and to determine cell fates.
G9a is critical for development, very likely by being involved in the ecdysone regulated gene expression.
Title: The Drosophila G9a gene encodes a multi-catalytic histone methyltransferase required for normal development.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables histone H3K27 dimethyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone H3K27 monomethyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone H3K27 trimethyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone H3K9 methyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables histone H3K9 monomethyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone H3K9 trimethyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone H4 methyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone methyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables p53 binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein-lysine N-methyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables zinc ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in chromatin remodeling	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
involved_in epigenetic regulation of gene expression	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in facultative heterochromatin formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of habituation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of larval locomotory behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of long-term memory	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of response to virus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of short-term memory	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chromatin	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in euchromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in polytene chromosome interband	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: G9a

Names: CG2995-PA; CG2995-PB; G9a-PA; G9a-PB; dG9a; euchromatin histone methyltransferase; histone methyltransferase

NP_001259088.1

EC 2.1.1.355

EC 2.1.1.356

EC 2.1.1.367

EC 2.1.1.368

EC 2.1.1.369

EC 2.1.1.371

NP_569834.1

EC 2.1.1.355

EC 2.1.1.356

EC 2.1.1.367

EC 2.1.1.368

EC 2.1.1.369

EC 2.1.1.371

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

Range

245978..254650

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001272159.1 → NP_001259088.1 G9a, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259088.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

M9PGH7, Q9V3K8

Conserved Domains (6) summary

smart00468
Location:1357 → 1466

PreSET; N-terminal to some SET domains

smart00317
Location:1495 → 1602

SET; SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domain

cd00204
Location:1155 → 1306

ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...

pfam12796
Location:1127 → 1249

Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)

sd00045
Location:1199 → 1249

ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]

cl21478
Location:150 → 248

ATP-synt_B; ATP synthase B/B' CF(0)
NM_130478.3 → NP_569834.1 G9a, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_569834.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q95RU8, Q9V3K8

Related

FBpp0070062

Conserved Domains (6) summary

smart00468
Location:1337 → 1446

PreSET; N-terminal to some SET domains

smart00317
Location:1475 → 1582

SET; SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domain

cd00204
Location:1155 → 1286

ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...

pfam12796
Location:1127 → 1229

Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)

sd00045
Location:1199 → 1229

ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]

cl21478
Location:150 → 248

ATP-synt_B; ATP synthase B/B' CF(0)