Penk preproenkephalin [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Penkprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: preproenkephalinprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:104629
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000045573 AllianceGenome:MGI:104629
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: ENK; PPA; Penk1
Summary: Enables opioid peptide activity and opioid receptor binding activity. Involved in G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway; regulation of long-term synaptic depression; and transmission of nerve impulse. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including behavioral fear response; sensory perception of pain; and startle response. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including cell body fiber; perikaryon; and symmetric synapse. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including axon terminus; cytoplasmic vesicle lumen; and neuronal cell body. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; brain; genitourinary system; integumental system; and sensory organ. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in overactive bladder syndrome. Orthologous to human PENK (proenkephalin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Broad expression in testis adult (RPKM 34.5), frontal lobe adult (RPKM 32.9) and 16 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4 A1; 4 2.31 cM

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	4	NC_000070.7 (4133536..4138815, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	4	NC_000070.6 (4133536..4138815, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000070.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pre-proenkephalin 1 is Downregulated Under Unloading and is Involved in Osteoblast Biology.
Title: Pre-proenkephalin 1 is Downregulated Under Unloading and is Involved in Osteoblast Biology.
Proenkephalin deletion in hematopoietic cells induces intestinal barrier failure resulting in clinical feature similarities with irritable bowel syndrome in mice.
Title: Proenkephalin deletion in hematopoietic cells induces intestinal barrier failure resulting in clinical feature similarities with irritable bowel syndrome in mice.
Cellular Profiles of Prodynorphin and Preproenkephalin mRNA-Expressing Neurons in the Anterior Olfactory Tubercle of Mice.
Title: Cellular Profiles of Prodynorphin and Preproenkephalin mRNA-Expressing Neurons in the Anterior Olfactory Tubercle of Mice.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme gates brain circuit-specific plasticity via an endogenous opioid.
Title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme gates brain circuit-specific plasticity via an endogenous opioid.
In an ongoing expression screen, this study identified that Tfap2b, Casq2, Penk, Zic1, and Zic3 are expressed in unique cell types in and around the developing eye.
Title: Localization of Tfap2β, Casq2, Penk, Zic1, and Zic3 Expression in the Developing Retina, Muscle, and Sclera of the Embryonic Mouse Eye.
Deficiency of preproenkephalin (PENK) or proopioimelanocortin (POMC) gene blocks analgesic effects following systemic administration of N-methyl-kyotorphin, NMYR and arginine in mice.
Title: Blockade of analgesic effects following systemic administration of N-methyl-kyotorphin, NMYR and arginine in mice deficient of preproenkephalin or proopiomelanocortin gene.
Nav1.7 deletion has profound effects on gene expression, leading to an upregulation of enkephalin precursor Penk mRNA and met-enkephalin protein in sensory neurons.
Title: Endogenous opioids contribute to insensitivity to pain in humans and mice lacking sodium channel Nav1.7.
PENK knockout exhibited fewer bouts of licking than wild types, even though the length of bouts was similar to that of wild types, a pattern that suggests diminished food motivation.
Title: Involvement of Endogenous Enkephalins and β-Endorphin in Feeding and Diet-Induced Obesity.
PENK KO mice do not display anxiety and depression-related behavioral changes after chronic mild stress.
Title: Enkephalin knockout male mice are resistant to chronic mild stress.
upregulation of striatal enkephalin might have a role in early stage Huntington Disease in a mouse model
Title: Striatal pre-enkephalin overexpression improves Huntington's disease symptoms in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (26)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (5)
Targeted (6) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

M13227 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:163336

AI326464 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:178963

Penk1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144169

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables opioid peptide activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables opioid peptide activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables opioid receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables opioid receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables receptor ligand activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within aggressive behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within behavioral fear response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to cAMP	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to virus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to vitamin D	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within locomotory behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in locomotory exploration behavior	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in locomotory exploration behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in osteoblast differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of behavioral fear response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of behavioral fear response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of long-term synaptic depression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to bacterium	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to calcium ion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to epinephrine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to estradiol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to ethanol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to ethanol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to immobilization stress	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to nicotine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to toxic substance	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in sensory perception	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within sensory perception of pain	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within startle response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in synaptic signaling via neuropeptide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in synaptic signaling via neuropeptide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in transmission of nerve impulse	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in axon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in axon terminus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in axon terminus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in axon terminus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cell body fiber	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cell body fiber	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in chromaffin granule lumen	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in dendrite	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in dendrite	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in dendrite	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in neuronal cell body	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in neuronal cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal dense core vesicle lumen	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle lumen	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perikaryon	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in perikaryon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in symmetric synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in symmetric synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in synaptic vesicle lumen	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in synaptic vesicle lumen	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: proenkephalin-A

Names: preproenkephalin 1; spermatogenic-specific proenkephalin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001002927.4 → NP_001002927.1 proenkephalin-A precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001002927.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

BX004841

Consensus CDS

CCDS17946.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P22005, Q68G73

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UXY8

Related

ENSMUSP00000066822.8, ENSMUST00000070375.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:25 → 70

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
NM_001348209.2 → NP_001335138.1 proenkephalin-A precursor

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL732517, BX004841

Consensus CDS

CCDS17946.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P22005, Q68G73

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UXY8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:25 → 70

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide