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    knk knickkopf [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 47137, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    knkprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    knickkopfprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0001321
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG6217
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0001321
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    CG6217; Dmel\CG6217; dyspneic; gnar; Gnarled; Knk; l(3)85Eg
    Summary
    Involved in chitin-based cuticle development; embryonic epithelial tube formation; and regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system. Located in chitin-based extracellular matrix and external side of plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including adult head; embryonic ventral epidermis; epithelium; foregut primordium; and gut section. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including acute kidney failure; atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome; cerebrovascular disease (multiple); rheumatoid arthritis; and thrombophilia (multiple). Orthologous to human THBD (thrombomodulin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See knk in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    85F13-85F13; 3-49 cM
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3R NT_033777.3 (10122365..10125664, complement)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3R NT_033777.2 (5948087..5951386, complement)

    Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene gamma Soluble NSF attachment protein 2 Neighboring gene ATP synthase, epsilon subunit-like Neighboring gene antisense RNA:CR46038 Neighboring gene twins Neighboring gene TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit B Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The Knickkopf DOMON domain is essential for cuticle differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster. Shaik KS, et al. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol, 2014 Jun. PMID 24723222
    2. Timed Knickkopf function is essential for wing cuticle formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Li K, et al. Insect Biochem Mol Biol, 2017 Oct. PMID 28821399
    3. Obstructor A organizes matrix assembly at the apical cell surface to promote enzymatic cuticle maturation in Drosophila. Pesch YY, et al. J Biol Chem, 2015 Apr 17. PMID 25737451, Free PMC Article
    4. Obstructor-A is required for epithelial extracellular matrix dynamics, exoskeleton function, and tubulogenesis. Petkau G, et al. J Biol Chem, 2012 Jun 15. PMID 22544743, Free PMC Article
    5. Drosophila, Chitin and Insect Pest Management. Wang Y, et al. Curr Pharm Des, 2020. PMID 32693764

    See all (64) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. expression 30 h prior and 48 h after pupariation is essential for correct wing cuticle formation
      Title: Timed Knickkopf function is essential for wing cuticle formation in Drosophila melanogaster.
    2. Results confirm the absolute necessity of tryptophan(299), methionine(333), and histidine(437) for Knickkopf function and stability, the latter two being predicted to be critical for heme binding.
      Title: The Knickkopf DOMON domain is essential for cuticle differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster.
    3. Knk and the predicted chitin-binding protein Rtv form membrane complexes essential for epithelial tubulogenesis and cuticle formation through their specific role in directing chitin filament assembly.
      Title: Drosophila Knickkopf and Retroactive are needed for epithelial tube growth and cuticle differentiation through their specific requirement for chitin filament organization.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in adult chitin-based cuticle development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chitin-based cuticle development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in embryonic epithelial tube formation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in larval chitin-based cuticle development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in liquid clearance, open tracheal system HMP PubMed 
    involved_in lumen formation, open tracheal system HMP PubMed 
    involved_in open tracheal system development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of tube size, open tracheal system IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chitin-based extracellular matrix IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in external side of plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    knickkopf
    Names
    CG6217-PA
    dyspneic
    gnarled
    knk-PA

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

      Range
      10122365..10125664 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_141724.4 → NP_649981.1  knickkopf [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_649981.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q9VH23
      Related
      FBpp0081672
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00686
      Location:166 → 272
      DM13; Domain present in fly proteins (CG14681, CG12492, CG6217), worm H06A10.1 and Arabidopsis thaliana MBG8.9
      smart00664
      Location:292 → 454
      DoH; Possible catecholamine-binding domain present in a variety of eukaryotic proteins
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9VH23 Q9VH23

    Gene LinkOut

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