Csf2 colony stimulating factor 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Csf2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: colony stimulating factor 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:621065
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000026805 AllianceGenome:RGD:621065
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Gmcsf; Gm-csf
Summary: Enables cytokine activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; epithelial fluid transport; and response to silicon dioxide. Located in extracellular space. Used to study Parkinsonism and myocardial infarction. Biomarker of abdominal aortic aneurysm; interstitial cystitis; and lung disease (multiple). Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in acute myeloid leukemia; juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia; neutropenia; pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; and visceral leishmaniasis. Orthologous to human CSF2 (colony stimulating factor 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Lung (RPKM 22.7) and Thymus (RPKM 6.6) See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 10q22

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	10	NC_086028.1 (38887692..38889673, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	10	NC_051345.1 (38386945..38388926, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	10	NC_005109.4 (39602089..39604070, complement)

Chromosome 10 - NC_086028.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

findings demonstrate that IL-17 regulates SHP-2 expression and IL-17RA/STAT-3 dependent production of Cyr61, IL-23, GM-CSF and RANKL in AA-FLS and may reveal a new insight into the pathogenesis of RA.
Title: Interleukin 17 regulates SHP-2 and IL-17RA/STAT-3 dependent Cyr61, IL-23 and GM-CSF expression and RANKL mediated osteoclastogenesis by fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.
Transplant vasculopathy depends on the simultaneous and complementary additive effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and cytokines, which have a continuous "cross talk."
Title: Cross talk between inflammatory cytokines and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in transplant vasculopathy.
Mesenteric mesothelial cells express GM-CSF receptor on the plasma membrane; during inflammation they synthesize and secrete GM-CSF that can stimulate GM-CSF receptor expression and mesothelial cell to macrophage-like cell transformation; in this transformation, GM-CSF (together with its receptor and other cytokines) has a major autocrine regulatory role; receptor-ligand internalization is essential for GM-CSF signalling
Title: GM-CSF and GM-CSF receptor have regulatory role in transforming rat mesenteric mesothelial cells into macrophage-like cells.
The findings that ephrinA1-PE38/GM-CSF had a high efficacy in the activation of the dendritic cells would facilitate the development of in vivo dendritic-cell vaccines for the treatment of gliomas in rats
Title: A novel recombinant protein of ephrinA1-PE38/GM-CSF activate dendritic cells vaccine in rats with glioma.
Expression of SCF+GM-CSF after hepatectomy can contribute to biliary remodeling (e.g., post-transplantation) by functional deregulation of the activity of key signaling intermediates involved in cell expansion and multipotent differentiation.
Title: Role of stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in remodeling during liver regeneration.
GM-CSF was able to reduce apoptosis in the retinal ganglion cells by activating the ERK1/2 pathway.
Title: GM-CSF regulates the ERK1/2 pathways and protects injured retinal ganglion cells from induced death.
IL-1beta promotes tissue catabolism and destruction, whereas GM-CSF enhances tissue reconstruction
Title: Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor is anabolic and interleukin-1beta is catabolic for rat articular chondrocytes.
G-CSF improves and GM-CSF exacerbates early postinfarction LV remodeling in association with modulation of DC infiltration.
Title: Differential effects of GM-CSF and G-CSF on infiltration of dendritic cells during early left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Maternal administration of GM-CSF induced fetal lung maturation and this effect may be mediated, at least partly, by an increase in the eNOS expression.
Title: Antenatal administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases fetal lung maturation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the fetal rat lung.
GM-CSF stimulates neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem cells.
Title: The hematopoietic factor GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) promotes neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem cells in vitro.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables growth factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_positive_effect TOR signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in dendritic cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in dendritic cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic placenta development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in epithelial cell proliferation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in epithelial fluid transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in histamine secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in macrophage differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within monocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in myeloid cell differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within myeloid dendritic cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in myeloid dendritic cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within neutrophil differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-23 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage differentiation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of podosome assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to fluid shear stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to silicon dioxide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Names: CSF; colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage); colony-stimulating factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_053852.1 → NP_446304.1 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_446304.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000010

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P48750

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HEH1

Related

ENSRNOP00000034235.3, ENSRNOT00000032333.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00040
Location:18 → 138

CSF2; Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a member of the large family of polypeptide growth factors called cytokines. It stimulates a wide variety of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell types via binding to members of the cytokine ...