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    Akh Adipokinetic hormone [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 38495, updated on 17-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Akhprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    Adipokinetic hormoneprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0004552
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG1171
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0004552
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    ADKH; akh; AKH; AKH1; CG1171; dAkh; dAKH; Dmel\CG1171; Drm-AKH; DrmAKH; Hrth
    Summary
    Enables adipokinetic hormone receptor binding activity and neuropeptide hormone activity. Involved in several processes, including neuropeptide signaling pathway; positive regulation of insulin secretion; and positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process. Located in extracellular space. Is expressed in several structures, including adult thorax; corpus cardiacum; corpus cardiacum primordium; larval central nervous system; and retrocerebral complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

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    See Akh in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    64A7-64A7; 3-10 cM
    Exon count:
    2
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3L NT_037436.4 (4141467..4142070)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3L NT_037436.3 (4141467..4142070)

    Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Ras opposite Neighboring gene Ras oncogene at 64B Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster contains a novel charged adipokinetic-hormone-family peptide. Schaffer MH, et al. Biochem J, 1990 Jul 15. PMID 2117437, Free PMC Article
    2. Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila. Mochanová M, et al. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol, 2018 Dec. PMID 30110658
    3. Chronic low-dose pro-oxidant treatment stimulates transcriptional activity of telomeric retroelements and increases telomere length in Drosophila. Korandová M, et al. J Insect Physiol, 2018 Jan. PMID 29122549
    4. Increased food intake after starvation enhances sleep in Drosophila melanogaster. Regalado JM, et al. J Genet Genomics, 2017 Jun 20. PMID 28645777, Free PMC Article
    5. The Adipokinetic Peptides in Diptera: Structure, Function, and Evolutionary Trends. Gäde G, et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2020. PMID 32296388, Free PMC Article

    See all (271) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Peroxisomal ERK mediates Akh/glucagon action and glycemic control.
      Title: Peroxisomal ERK mediates Akh/glucagon action and glycemic control.
    2. GnRH-Related Neurohormones in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster.
      Title: GnRH-Related Neurohormones in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster.
    3. AKH-FOXO pathway regulates starvation-induced sleep loss through remodeling of the small ventral lateral neuron dorsal projections.
      Title: AKH-FOXO pathway regulates starvation-induced sleep loss through remodeling of the small ventral lateral neuron dorsal projections.
    4. Chronic dysfunction of Stromal interaction molecule by pulsed RNAi induction in fat tissue impairs organismal energy homeostasis in Drosophila.
      Title: Chronic dysfunction of Stromal interaction molecule by pulsed RNAi induction in fat tissue impairs organismal energy homeostasis in Drosophila.
    5. dilp2 modulates lifespan in part by regulating Akh, and by repressing dilp1, which acts as a pro-longevity insulin-like peptide.
      Title: Drosophila insulin-like peptide dilp1 increases lifespan and glucagon-like Akh expression epistatic to dilp2.
    6. Data (including data from studies using transgenic and mutant strains) suggest that Akh plays role in control of energy metabolism in this species; lipids appear to be main energy reserve during starvation; once glycogen stores are exhausted, carbohydrates are synthesized from other sources.
      Title: Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila.
    7. During adulthood, however, AKH regulates body fat content and the hemolymph sugar level as well as nutritional and oxidative stress responses. Finally, we provide evidence for a negative autoregulatory loop in Akh gene regulation.
      Title: Energy Homeostasis Control in Drosophila Adipokinetic Hormone Mutants.
    8. Akh is an important regulator of metabolic homeostasis in Drosophila
      Title: Targeted mutagenesis and functional analysis of adipokinetic hormone-encoding gene in Drosophila.
    9. AKH signaling is required in insulin-producing cells for sugar-dependent Dilp3 release.
      Title: Dietary sugar promotes systemic TOR activation in Drosophila through AKH-dependent selective secretion of Dilp3.
    10. Data (including data from studies using transgenic flies) suggest that FoxO (forkhead box sub-group O) acts downstream of AKH (adipokinetic hormone) as transcription factor to mediate response to oxidative stress.
      Title: Knockdown of adipokinetic hormone synthesis increases susceptibility to oxidative stress in Drosophila--a role for dFoxO?
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables adipokinetic hormone receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables hormone activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables neuropeptide hormone activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables neuropeptide hormone activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables neuropeptide hormone activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in carbohydrate homeostasis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in glucose homeostasis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in lipid homeostasis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to carbohydrate IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to starvation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    adipokinetic hormone
    Names
    Akh-PA
    CG1171-PA
    Hypertrehaloseaemic-hormone
    adipo- kinetic hormone
    adipokinetic hormone-like

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      4141467..4142070
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_079194.2 → NP_523918.1  adipokinetic hormone [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523918.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P17975, P61855, Q9VZH6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7FNL4
      Related
      FBpp0073069
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam06377
      Location:23 → 77
      Adipokin_hormo; Adipokinetic hormone
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P61855.1 P61855

    Gene LinkOut

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