U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from GEO Profiles

    • Showing Current items.

    GRSF1 G-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2926, updated on 4-Jan-2025

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    GRSF1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    G-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4610
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000132463 MIM:604851; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4610
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a cellular protein that binds RNAs containing the G-rich element. The protein is localized in the cytoplasm, and has been shown to stimulate translation of viral mRNAs in vitro. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in adrenal (RPKM 14.1), brain (RPKM 13.8) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    See GRSF1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    4q13.3
    Exon count:
    12
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 4 NC_000004.12 (70815783..70843235, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 4 NC_060928.1 (74158253..74185655, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 4 NC_000004.11 (71681500..71705607, complement)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancers GRCh37_chr4:71570032-71570564 and GRCh37_chr4:71571098-71571629 Neighboring gene RUN and FYVE domain containing 3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21602 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:71611261-71611762 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:71611763-71612262 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15469 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U13 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:71704310-71704964 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124900710 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:71704965-71705618 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15471 Neighboring gene U6 spliceosomal RNA Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 891, pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

    Go to the top of the page Help
    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. GRSF1 deficiency attenuates mitochondrial function in aging granulosa cells. Wen C, et al. Reproduction, 2024 Aug 1. PMID 38819377
    2. GRSF-1: a poly(A)+ mRNA binding protein which interacts with a conserved G-rich element. Qian Z, et al. Nucleic Acids Res, 1994 Jun 25. PMID 8036161, Free PMC Article
    3. Assignment of GRSF1 encoding a poly(A)+ mRNA binding protein to human chromosome 4q13. Banga SS, et al. Cytogenet Cell Genet, 1996. PMID 8751379
    4. Regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis: selective influenza viral mRNA translation is mediated by the cellular RNA-binding protein GRSF-1. Park YW, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1999 Jun 8. PMID 10359774, Free PMC Article
    5. Selective translation of eukaryotic mRNAs: functional molecular analysis of GRSF-1, a positive regulator of influenza virus protein synthesis. Kash JC, et al. J Virol, 2002 Oct. PMID 12239318, Free PMC Article

    See all (110) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. GRSF1 deficiency attenuates mitochondrial function in aging granulosa cells.
      Title: GRSF1 deficiency attenuates mitochondrial function in aging granulosa cells.
    2. GRSF1 antagonizes age-associated hypercoagulability via modulation of fibrinogen mRNA stability.
      Title: GRSF1 antagonizes age-associated hypercoagulability via modulation of fibrinogen mRNA stability.
    3. GRSF1 promotes tumorigenesis and EMT-mediated metastasis through PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer.
      Title: GRSF1 promotes tumorigenesis and EMT-mediated metastasis through PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer.
    4. Identification of the COMM-domain containing protein 1 as specific binding partner for the guanine-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1.
      Title: Identification of the COMM-domain containing protein 1 as specific binding partner for the guanine-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1.
    5. GRSF1 is an age-related regulator of senescence.
      Title: GRSF1 is an age-related regulator of senescence.
    6. A novel miRNA identified in GRSF1 complex drives the metastasis via the PIK3R3/AKT/NF-kappaB and TIMP3/MMP9 pathways in cervical cancer cells.
      Title: A novel miRNA identified in GRSF1 complex drives the metastasis via the PIK3R3/AKT/NF-κB and TIMP3/MMP9 pathways in cervical cancer cells.
    7. our results indicate that GRSF1 helps preserve mitochondrial homeostasis, in turn preventing oxidative DNA damage and the activation of mTOR and NF-kappaB, and suppressing a transcriptional pro-inflammatory program leading to increased IL6 production.
      Title: Loss of RNA-binding protein GRSF1 activates mTOR to elicit a proinflammatory transcriptional program.
    8. These findings suggest that Twinkle is essential for RNA organization in granules, and that mtSSB is involved in the recently proposed GRSF1-mtRNA degradosome pathway, a route suggested to be particularly aimed at degradation of G-quadruplex prone long non-coding mtRNAs.
      Title: Mitochondrial RNA granules are critically dependent on mtDNA replication factors Twinkle and mtSSB.
    9. These findings indicate that the decline in GRSF1 levels during cellular senescence contributes to impairing mitochondrial function, elevating ROS and DNA damage, suppressing growth, and implementing a pro-inflammatory program.
      Title: GRSF1 suppresses cell senescence.
    10. GRSF1 positively regulates degradosome-dependent decay of non-coding mitochondrial transcripts that form G4 structures. Comprehensive molecular analyses revealed that GRSF1 melts G4 RNA structures in mtRNAs, which facilitates their degradation by the hSuv3-PNPase complex both in vitro and in vivo.
      Title: Dedicated surveillance mechanism controls G-quadruplex forming non-coding RNAs in human mitochondria.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (19)

    Phenotypes

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

    Go to the top of the page Help

    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

    Go to the top of the page

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ13125

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G-quadruplex RNA binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
    enables RNA binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables mRNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in anterior/posterior pattern specification IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in mRNA processing IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in mitochondrial RNA catabolic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    involved_in morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of RNA splicing IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in tRNA processing IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrial matrix TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrial nucleoid IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion HTP PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in nucleoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    part_of ribonucleoprotein complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in ribonucleoprotein granule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    G-rich sequence factor 1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001098477.2 → NP_001091947.1  G-rich sequence factor 1 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an alternate exon in the 5' coding region and uses a downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC021989
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS47070.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z2D8
      Related
      ENSP00000425430.1, ENST00000502323.5
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12505
      Location:87 → 160
      RRM2_GRSF1; RNA recognition motif 2 in G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) and similar proteins
      cd12733
      Location:239 → 313
      RRM3_GRSF1; RNA recognition motif 3 in G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) and similar proteins
      cl17169
      Location:1 → 65
      RRM_SF; RNA recognition motif (RRM) superfamily

    2. NM_002092.4 → NP_002083.4  G-rich sequence factor 1 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC021989
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS47069.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B3KPW0, Q12849, Q4W5S5, Q6ZST3, Q8IWD6, Q8NBD2
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B3KW50
      Related
      ENSP00000254799.6, ENST00000254799.11
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      COG0724
      Location:307 → 459
      RRM; RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain [Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis]
      cd12505
      Location:249 → 322
      RRM2_GRSF1; RNA recognition motif 2 in G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) and similar proteins
      cd12730
      Location:149 → 227
      RRM1_GRSF1; RNA recognition motif 1 in G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) and similar proteins
      cd12733
      Location:401 → 475
      RRM3_GRSF1; RNA recognition motif 3 in G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) and similar proteins

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000004.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      70815783..70843235 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011531897.4 → XP_011530199.1  G-rich sequence factor 1 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z2D8
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12505
      Location:87 → 160
      RRM2_GRSF1; RNA recognition motif 2 in G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) and similar proteins
      cd12733
      Location:239 → 313
      RRM3_GRSF1; RNA recognition motif 3 in G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) and similar proteins
      cl17169
      Location:1 → 65
      RRM_SF; RNA recognition motif (RRM) superfamily

    2. XM_047450140.1 → XP_047306096.1  G-rich sequence factor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z2D8
      Related
      ENSP00000421789.1, ENST00000514161.5

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060928.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      74158253..74185655 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054349839.1 → XP_054205814.1  G-rich sequence factor 1 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z2D8

    2. XM_054349838.1 → XP_054205813.1  G-rich sequence factor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z2D8
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q12849.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q12849

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous