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    Gpd2 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 14571, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Gpd2provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrialprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:99778
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000026827 AllianceGenome:MGI:99778
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    GPDH; Gdm1; Gpd-m; Gpdh-m; TISP38
    Summary
    Enables glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity. Involved in glycerophosphate shuttle. Acts upstream of or within camera-type eye development; gluconeogenesis; and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. Is active in mitochondrial inner membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; genitourinary system; nervous system; respiratory system; and sensory organ. Used to study citrullinemia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human GPD2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Broad expression in testis adult (RPKM 48.2), mammary gland adult (RPKM 14.9) and 21 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Gpd2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2 C1.1; 2 31.66 cM
    Exon count:
    18
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 2 NC_000068.8 (57127690..57260731)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 2 NC_000068.7 (57237678..57370719)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04526 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E2035 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 52512 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 39813 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04529 Neighboring gene cytoskeleton associated protein 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer mm667 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04532 Neighboring gene predicted gene 13531 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04533 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04534 Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Molecular cloning of human mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase gene: genomic structure, chromosomal localization, and existence of a pseudogene. Matsutani A, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1996 Jun 25. PMID 8687421
    2. Effect of mitochondrial and/or cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase overexpression on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from MIN6 and HIT cells. Ishihara H, et al. Diabetes, 1996 Sep. PMID 8772729
    3. Role of NADH shuttle system in glucose-induced activation of mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion. Eto K, et al. Science, 1999 Feb 12. PMID 9974390
    4. The oscillatory behavior of pancreatic islets from mice with mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase knockout. Ravier MA, et al. J Biol Chem, 2000 Jan 21. PMID 10636849
    5. Normal thyroid thermogenesis but reduced viability and adiposity in mice lacking the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase. Brown LJ, et al. J Biol Chem, 2002 Sep 6. PMID 12093799

    See all (64) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Immp2l Enhances the Structure and Function of Mitochondrial Gpd2 Dehydrogenase.
      Title: Immp2l Enhances the Structure and Function of Mitochondrial Gpd2 Dehydrogenase.
    2. Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Restricts HBV Replication via the TRIM28-Mediated Degradation of HBx.
      Title: Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Restricts HBV Replication via the TRIM28-Mediated Degradation of HBx.
    3. LPL/AQP7/GPD2 promotes glycerol metabolism under hypoxia and prevents cardiac dysfunction during ischemia.
      Title: LPL/AQP7/GPD2 promotes glycerol metabolism under hypoxia and prevents cardiac dysfunction during ischemia.
    4. Deficiency of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Exacerbates Podocyte Injury and the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease.
      Title: Deficiency of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Exacerbates Podocyte Injury and the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease.
    5. pivotal regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism
      Title: Deficiency of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Contributes to Hepatic Steatosis.
    6. Here we find that in macrophages activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates glucose oxidation to drive inflammatory responses.
      Title: Glycerol phosphate shuttle enzyme GPD2 regulates macrophage inflammatory responses.
    7. hepatic metabolite perturbations in citrin-mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase double-knockout mice, a model of human citrin deficiency
      Title: Metabolomic analysis reveals hepatic metabolite perturbations in citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase double-knockout mice, a model of human citrin deficiency.
    8. GPD2 activity is required for generation of reactive oxygen species in mouse spermatozoa during capacitation, failing which, capacitation is impaired.
      Title: Role of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 in mouse sperm capacitation.
    9. the up-regulation of mGPDH, due to a highly glycolytic environment, contributes to the overall increase in ROS generation and may result in the progression of prostate cancer
      Title: Increased expression of mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes in prostate cancer cell lines/cancer.
    10. phenotypic analysis of citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase double knock-out mice
      Title: Citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase double knock-out mice recapitulate features of human citrin deficiency.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (4) 
    • Targeted (2)  1 citation

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables calcium ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in NADH metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within camera-type eye development IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within gluconeogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in glycerol catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in glycerophosphate shuttle IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within multicellular organism growth IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in mitochondrial inner membrane HDA PubMed 
    is_active_in mitochondrial inner membrane IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
    is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
    Names
    FAD-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
    glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial
    glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial
    NP_001139292.1
    NP_034404.3

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001145820.1 → NP_001139292.1  glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139292.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Both variants encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK032044, AK080240, AK144716
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS16045.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q3TK51, Q3UDY8, Q61507, Q64521, Q8CBX6, Q8K4U5, Q8VDT0, Q9ERP0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQR0
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000130992.2, ENSMUST00000169687.8
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      PLN02464
      Location:1 → 599
      PLN02464; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      cd00051
      Location:627 → 689
      EFh; EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to ...
      pfam13499
      Location:629 → 688
      EF-hand_7; EF-hand domain pair
      pfam16901
      Location:462 → 588
      DAO_C; C-terminal domain of alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase

    2. NM_010274.3 → NP_034404.3  glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_034404.3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK032044, AK080240, AK144716, BY238564
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS16045.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q3TK51, Q3UDY8, Q61507, Q64521, Q8CBX6, Q8K4U5, Q8VDT0, Q9ERP0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQR0
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000028167.3, ENSMUST00000028167.3
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      PLN02464
      Location:1 → 599
      PLN02464; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      cd00051
      Location:627 → 689
      EFh; EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to ...
      pfam13499
      Location:629 → 688
      EF-hand_7; EF-hand domain pair
      pfam16901
      Location:462 → 588
      DAO_C; C-terminal domain of alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000068.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      57127690..57260731
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q64521.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q64521

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