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    Mdk midkine [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 17242, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    Mdkprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    midkineprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:96949
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000027239 AllianceGenome:MGI:96949
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    MK; Mek
    Summary
    This gene encodes a secreted growth factor that belongs to the pleiotrophin/midkine heparin-binding protein family and functions in a variety of biological processes. The encoded cytokine promotes the growth, differentiation, survival and migration of several target cells including leucocytes involved in inflammation. This protein plays a role in the formation of scar tissue and intraperitoneal adhesions, and promotes neurite outgrowth and neuron survival. The protein encoded by this gene is associated with obesity and inhibition of insulin signaling in fat cells. A pseudogene of this gene is present on chromosome 11. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
    Expression
    Biased expression in limb E14.5 (RPKM 195.6), CNS E11.5 (RPKM 179.1) and 10 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See Mdk in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2 E1; 2 50.63 cM
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 2 NC_000068.8 (91760149..91762348, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 2 NC_000068.7 (91929805..91932297, complement)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_05122 Neighboring gene harbinger transposase derived 1 Neighboring gene dyskeratosis congenita 1, dyskerin homolog pseudogene Neighboring gene autophagy/beclin 1 regulator 1 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_05123 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr2:91788365-91788474 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E2042 Neighboring gene cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 39876 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr2:91797390-91797604 Neighboring gene microRNA 6999 Neighboring gene diacylglycerol kinase zeta Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_05126 Neighboring gene cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 1 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E4479

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Variation

    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 
    • Targeted (3)  1 citation

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables chondroitin sulfate binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables growth factor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables heparan sulfate binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    enables heparan sulfate binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    enables heparin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables heparin binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    enables heparin binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in T cell activation involved in immune response IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in adrenal gland development ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in adrenal gland development ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in behavioral fear response IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cell migration ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in cerebellar granular layer development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cerebral cortex development IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cytoskeleton organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in defecation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in dentate gyrus development IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in estrous cycle IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in glial cell projection elongation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in hippocampus development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in intracellular signal transduction ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in intracellular signal transduction ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of cell adhesion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of ossification IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in oogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of T cell differentiation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of artery morphogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel branching ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel branching ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cartilage development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cell migration ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cell migration ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of neuron migration ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of neuron migration ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of behavior IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of bone remodeling IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of chondrocyte differentiation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in response to auditory stimulus IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in response to wounding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in response to wounding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in short-term memory IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in tissue regeneration IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cell projection ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    located_in extracellular region IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    midkine
    Names
    retanoic acid-responsive protein
    retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor
    retinoic acid-responsive protein

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001012335.3NP_001012335.1  midkine isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012335.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL731772
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS16440.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P12025
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000088090.6, ENSMUST00000090602.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00193
      Location:34113
      PTN; Pleiotrophin / midkine family
    2. NM_001012336.3NP_001012336.1  midkine isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012336.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL731772
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS16440.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P12025
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000068413.7, ENSMUST00000069423.13
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00193
      Location:34113
      PTN; Pleiotrophin / midkine family
    3. NM_001291481.2NP_001278410.1  midkine isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001278410.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL731772
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS16440.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P12025
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000106941.2, ENSMUST00000111309.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00193
      Location:34113
      PTN; Pleiotrophin / midkine family
    4. NM_001291482.2NP_001278411.1  midkine isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001278411.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL731772
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02505
      Location:163
      PTN_MK_N; PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain
    5. NM_001291483.2NP_001278412.1  midkine isoform c precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001278412.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL731772
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q2LEK5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02505
      Location:3479
      PTN_MK_N; PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain
    6. NM_001420412.1NP_001407341.1  midkine isoform b

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL731772
    7. NM_010784.6NP_034914.1  midkine isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_034914.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL731772
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS16440.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P12025
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000028672.7, ENSMUST00000028672.13
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00193
      Location:34113
      PTN; Pleiotrophin / midkine family

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000068.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      91760149..91762348 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011239335.2XP_011237637.1  midkine isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011237637.1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02505
      Location:163
      PTN_MK_N; PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain