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    MPG N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 4350, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    MPGprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    N-methylpurine DNA glycosylaseprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:7211
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000103152 MIM:156565; AllianceGenome:HGNC:7211
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    AAG; MDG; ADPG; APNG; Mid1; anpg; PIG11; PIG16; CRA36.1
    Summary
    Predicted to enable alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity. Predicted to be involved in base-excision repair. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in prostate (RPKM 19.8), spleen (RPKM 17.9) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See MPG in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    16p13.3
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (77007..85846)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (70552..79447)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (127006..135845)

    Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6897 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6898 Neighboring gene small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U11/U12 subunit 25 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10199 Neighboring gene rhomboid 5 homolog 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:120389-121206 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:122199-122382 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6899 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903617 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:122843-123660 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:123661-124478 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:124479-125296 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13767 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:133607-134462 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6901 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10200 Neighboring gene alpha-globin locus control region Neighboring gene NPR3 like, GATOR1 complex subunit Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107983982 Neighboring gene hemoglobin subunit zeta

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Aberrant expression of N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase influences patient survival in malignant gliomas. Liu C, et al. J Biomed Biotechnol, 2012. PMID 22496614, Free PMC Article
    2. N-glycosyl bond formation catalyzed by human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase. Admiraal SJ, et al. Biochemistry, 2010 Oct 26. PMID 20873830, Free PMC Article
    3. Genetic polymorphisms of the DNA repair gene MPG may be associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Chen SY, et al. J Appl Genet, 2010. PMID 21063071
    4. Substitution of active site tyrosines with tryptophan alters the free energy for nucleotide flipping by human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase. Hendershot JM, et al. Biochemistry, 2011 Mar 22. PMID 21244040, Free PMC Article
    5. Structural basis for the inhibition of human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) by 3,N4-ethenocytosine-containing DNA. Lingaraju GM, et al. J Biol Chem, 2011 Apr 15. PMID 21349833, Free PMC Article

    See all (127) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Transformed astrocytes confer temozolomide resistance on glioblastoma via delivering ALKBH7 to enhance APNG expression after educating by glioblastoma stem cells-derived exosomes.
      Title: Transformed astrocytes confer temozolomide resistance on glioblastoma via delivering ALKBH7 to enhance APNG expression after educating by glioblastoma stem cells-derived exosomes.
    2. Pilot Study to Detect Genes Involved in DNA Damage and Cancer in Humans: Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols.
      Title: Pilot Study to Detect Genes Involved in DNA Damage and Cancer in Humans: Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols.
    3. Recognition of 1,N (2)-ethenoguanine by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase is restricted by a conserved active-site residue.
      Title: Recognition of 1,N(2)-ethenoguanine by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase is restricted by a conserved active-site residue.
    4. AAG binds to chromatin and forms complex with RNA polymerase (pol) II. This occurs through direct interaction with Elongator and results in transcriptional co-regulation.
      Title: Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase associates with transcription elongation to coordinate DNA repair with gene expression.
    5. Although AAG strongly prefers to excise lesions from duplex DNA, nonspecific binding is comparable for single- and double-stranded nonspecific sites. The electrostatically driven binding of AAG to small DNA sites ( approximately 5 nucleotides of single-stranded and approximately 6 base pairs of duplex) facilitates the search for DNA damage in chromosomal DNA, which is bound by nucleosomes and other proteins.
      Title: Distinguishing Specific and Nonspecific Complexes of Alkyladenine DNA Glycosylase.
    6. PIG11 may act as a candidate liver tumor suppressor.
      Title: PIG11 over-expression predicts good prognosis and induces HepG2 cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
    7. high levels of APNG were associated with better overall survival in patients with glioblastoma
      Title: APNG as a prognostic marker in patients with glioblastoma.
    8. Data indicate that DNA glycosylases MYH, UNG2, MPG, NTH1, NEIL1, 2 and 3 on nascent DNA.
      Title: Monitoring of the spatial and temporal dynamics of BER/SSBR pathway proteins, including MYH, UNG2, MPG, NTH1 and NEIL1-3, during DNA replication.
    9. Data suggest that the change in tryptophan fluorescence of Y162W mutant of AAG (alkyladenine DNA glycosylase) is extremely rapid upon binding to either damaged or undamaged DNA, much faster than lesion-recognition and nucleotide flipping steps; thus, intercalation by tyrosine may be one of the earliest steps in search for/recognition of DNA damage.
      Title: Search for DNA damage by human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase involves early intercalation by an aromatic residue.
    10. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a polymorphism in the MPG gene (rs2858056) and increased serum level of the MPG protein.
      Title: Effect of MPG gene rs2858056 polymorphism, copy number variation, and level of serum MPG protein on the risk for rheumatoid arthritis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (54)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association analysis of red blood cell traits in African Americans: the COGENT Network.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Rev rev HIV-1 Rev is identified to have a physical interaction with N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA N-glycosylase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-3-methylguanine glycosylase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-7-methyladenine glycosylase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-7-methylguanine glycosylase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables damaged DNA binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in DNA alkylation repair TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in base-excision repair IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in depurination TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrial nucleoid IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion HTP PubMed 
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase
    Names
    3' end of the Mid1 gene, localized 68 kb upstream the humanzeta globin gene on 16p
    3-alkyladenine DNA glycosylase
    3-methyladenine DNA glycosidase
    CRA36.1 (3-methyl-adenine DNA glycosylase)
    N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase, MPG
    proliferation-inducing protein 11
    proliferation-inducing protein 16
    NP_001015052.1
    NP_001015054.1
    NP_002425.2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001015052.3 → NP_001015052.1  DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001015052.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the 5' region and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (b) is shorter and has a distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC014991, BM796301
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32345.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2IDA3
      Related
      ENSP00000348809.4, ENST00000356432.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00540
      Location:85 → 281
      AAG; Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase catalyzes the first step in base excision repair

    2. NM_001015054.3 → NP_001015054.1  DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase isoform c

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001015054.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region and initiates translation at a downstream, in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (c) has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AY258284, BG823448, Z69720
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS42087.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2IDA3
      Related
      ENSP00000380918.1, ENST00000397817.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00540
      Location:73 → 269
      AAG; Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase catalyzes the first step in base excision repair

    3. NM_002434.4 → NP_002425.2  DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase isoform a

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002425.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL520052, AY258284, BM796301
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32346.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      G5E9E2, P29372, Q13770, Q15275, Q15961, Q5J9I4, Q96BZ6, Q96S33, Q9NNX5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2IDA3, Q1W6H1
      Related
      ENSP00000219431.4, ENST00000219431.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00540
      Location:90 → 286
      AAG; Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase catalyzes the first step in base excision repair

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      77007..85846
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      70552..79447
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P29372.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P29372

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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