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    POLR2C RNA polymerase II subunit C [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5432, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    POLR2Cprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    RNA polymerase II subunit Cprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9189
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000102978 MIM:180663; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9189
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    RPB3; RPB31; hRPB33; hsRPB3
    Summary
    This gene encodes the third largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene contains a cysteine rich region and exists as a heterodimer with another polymerase subunit, POLR2J. These two subunits form a core subassembly unit of the polymerase. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in thyroid (RPKM 43.5), adrenal (RPKM 39.1) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See POLR2C in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    16q21
    Exon count:
    9
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (57462679..57472009)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (63257856..63267198)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (57496591..57505921)

    Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene cytokine induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5957 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 83 Neighboring gene coenzyme Q9 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57506902-57507423 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57507424-57507944 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57508610-57509398 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57519658-57520454 Neighboring gene docking protein 4 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57541954-57542946 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57543642-57544142 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_43689 Neighboring gene coiled-coil domain containing 102A Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57562855-57563355 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10896 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10897 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57566372-57566931 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57566932-57567490 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7531 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10898 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10899 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10900 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_43712 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7532 Neighboring gene adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G5 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10901 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:57598339-57598840 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371291 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_43740 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7533 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7534 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10902 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984889

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The amino acid sequence of the human RNA polymerase II 33-kDa subunit hRPB 33 is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Pati UK, et al. J Biol Chem, 1990 May 25. PMID 2187864
    2. Rpb3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through its N-terminus. Fang ZP, et al. Oncotarget, 2014 Oct 15. PMID 25211001, Free PMC Article
    3. Functional interaction of the subunit 3 of RNA polymerase II (RPB3) with transcription factor-4 (ATF4). De Angelis R, et al. FEBS Lett, 2003 Jul 17. PMID 12860379
    4. Cloning and characterization of the human RNA polymerase I subunit hRPA40. Dammann R, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1998 Mar 9. PMID 9540830
    5. The interacting RNA polymerase II subunits, hRPB11 and hRPB3, are coordinately expressed in adult human tissues and down-regulated by doxorubicin. Fanciulli M, et al. FEBS Lett, 1998 May 8. PMID 9607318

    See all (222) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. FUS low-complexicity phase separates to recruit RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain in vitro.
      Title: Residue-by-Residue View of In Vitro FUS Granules that Bind the C-Terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II.
    2. These findings suggest that N-terminus of Rpb3 selectively inhibits Rpb3-high-expression hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation. N-terminus of Rpb3 may be useful in treating patients diagnosed with Rpb3-high-expression hepatocellular carcinoma.
      Title: Rpb3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through its N-terminus.
    3. eEF1gamma, in addition to its role in translation elongation complex, is involved in regulating Vimentin gene by contacting both pol II and the Vimentin promoter region and shuttling/nursing the Vimentin mRNA
      Title: The eEF1γ subunit contacts RNA polymerase II and binds vimentin promoter region.
    4. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-gene interaction, and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Genetic polymorphisms in 85 DNA repair genes and bladder cancer risk.
    5. interaction between RPB3 and ATF4
      Title: Functional interaction of the subunit 3 of RNA polymerase II (RPB3) with transcription factor-4 (ATF4).
    6. Rpb3 is a potential nuclear target of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3
      Title: Ribonucleic acid polymerase II binding subunit 3 (Rpb3), a potential nuclear target of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide C (POLR2C, 33kDa) by siRNA inhibits the early stages of HIV-1 replication in 293T cells infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env The transcription factors and kinases c-Jun, JNK, MEK, p38 MAPK, STAT-3, JAK-1, TFII D, TFII F, eIF-4E, and RNA polymerase II are induced by HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
    Tat tat The interaction of Tip110 with HIV-1 Tat leads to a higher efficiency of elongation for RNAPII complexes formed on the LTR promoter PubMed
    tat Expression of both Tip110 and Tat enhances phosphorylation of RNAPII at both serine 2 and serine 5, which account for Tip110 function in transcription activation PubMed
    tat The interaction of Tip110 with HIV-1 Tat and the RNAPII C-terminal domain leads to the recruitment of increased CDK9/CycT1 to the transcription complex PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat complexes with RNA polymerase II and cellular transcription factors as part of the HIV-1 transcription preinitiation and elongation complexes and stimulates RNA polymerase II processivity by inducing the phosphorylation of its C-terminal Domain PubMed
    tat A small molecule compound C3 inhibits HIV-1 replication by suppressing HIV-1 Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression and phosphorylation of RNAPII through inhibition of Tat binding to CycT1 PubMed
    tat JQ1, a small molecule inhibitor of Brd4, directly dissociates Brd4 from HIV-1 promoter and promotes subsequently HIV-1 Tat binding to HIV-1 promoter, resulting in increased phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and viral transcription PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat 41/44 peptide TAALS from the core domain of Tat inhibits Tat-mediated HIV-1 gene expression and replication by binding the Cdk2/Cyclin E complex and inhibiting the phosphorylation of serine 5 of RNAPII PubMed
    Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr interacts with basal transcription complexes such as P-TEFb, TFIIH, TFIID (TBP) and TFIIB which activate RNA polymerase II gene transcription PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    contributes_to RNA polymerase II activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein dimerization activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of RNA polymerase II, core complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    part_of RNA polymerase II, core complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3
    Names
    DNA-directed RNA polymerase II 33 kDa polypeptide
    DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit C
    RNA polymerase II subunit 3
    RNA polymerase II subunit B3
    RPB33
    polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide C, 33kDa
    polymerase (RNA) II subunit C
    NP_116558.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_032940.3 → NP_116558.1  DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_116558.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC003159, BI458170
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10782.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O15161, P19387
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6FGR6
      Related
      ENSP00000219252.4, ENST00000219252.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07031
      Location:7 → 266
      RNAP_II_RPB3; RPB3 subunit of Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      57462679..57472009
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      63257856..63267198
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_002694.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_002694.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P19387.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P19387

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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