Hk2 hexokinase 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Hk2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: hexokinase 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2797
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000006116 AllianceGenome:RGD:2797
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Enables ATP binding activity; D-glucose binding activity; and hexokinase activity. Involved in several processes, including carbohydrate phosphorylation; lactation; and response to ischemia. Located in sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biomarker of hypertension and obesity. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human HK2 (hexokinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Muscle (RPKM 142.4), Heart (RPKM 129.8) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q34

Exon count:: 18

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (116792258..116841275, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (115234509..115283530, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (113559396..113609897, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Involvement of DJ-1 in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration via hexokinase 2-mediated mitophagy.
Title: Involvement of DJ-1 in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration via hexokinase 2-mediated mitophagy.
Telocytes protect against lung tissue fibrosis through hexokinase 2-dependent pathway by secreting hepatocyte growth factor.
Title: Telocytes protect against lung tissue fibrosis through hexokinase 2-dependent pathway by secreting hepatocyte growth factor.
FoxA2 inhibits the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by reducing PI3K/Akt/HK2-mediated glycolysis.
Title: FoxA2 inhibits the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by reducing PI3K/Akt/HK2-mediated glycolysis.
lncRNA-XIST protects the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury through regulating the miR-125b-hexokianse 2 axis.
Title: lncRNA-XIST protects the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury through regulating the miR-125b-hexokianse 2 axis.
Hexokinase II dissociation alone cannot account for changes in heart mitochondrial function, morphology and sensitivity to permeability transition pore opening following ischemia.
Title: Hexokinase II dissociation alone cannot account for changes in heart mitochondrial function, morphology and sensitivity to permeability transition pore opening following ischemia.
The abundance of Hk2 protein was greater after acute exercise compared to sedentary in all muscle fiber types.
Title: Fiber type-specific effects of acute exercise on insulin-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation in insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle.
Taken together, peroxynitrite produced during cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury can nitrate tyrosine residues of two key mitochondrial membrane proteins involved in bioenergetics and energy transfer via binding to hexokinase 2 to contribute to mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction.
Title: Peroxynitrite nitrates adenine nucleotide translocase and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 and alters their interactions and association with hexokinase II in mitochondria.
The inhibition and selective knockdown of HK2 in vivo significantly protected against ischemic brain injury by suppressing microglial activation and IL-1beta production
Title: Hexokinase 2-dependent hyperglycolysis driving microglial activation contributes to ischemic brain injury.
Loss of mtHKII was associated with increased ROS during ischemia and reperfusion, but not with increased MVO2 or decreased cardiac energetics before damage occurs.
Title: Reducing mitochondrial bound hexokinase II mediates transition from non-injurious into injurious ischemia/reperfusion of the intact heart.
report that HK2 is a direct target of miR-143. Importantly, restoration of HK2 in miR-143 overexpressing rat neurones recovered glucose uptake and lactate product.
Title: Inhibition of miR-143 during ischemia cerebral injury protects neurones through recovery of the hexokinase 2-mediated glucose uptake.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (24)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables D-glucose binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables D-glucose binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables fructokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables fructokinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glucokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glucokinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glucokinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables hexokinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hexokinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hexokinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic mitochondrial changes	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in carbohydrate phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in carbohydrate phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within carbohydrate phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose catabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in hexose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in innate immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in lactation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of type 2 mitophagy	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of D-glucose import	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ischemia	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in centrosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in centrosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in sarcoplasmic reticulum	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: hexokinase-2

Names: HK II; hexokinase type II; hexokinase-B; type II hexokinase

NP_036867.1

EC 2.7.1.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.