bcd bicoid [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: bcdprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: bicoidprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0000166
Locus tag: Dmel_CG1034
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0000166
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: Bcd; BCD; BG:DS00276.7; bic; Bicoid; CG1034; Dm-Bcd; Dmel\CG1034; mum; prd4
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; nucleic acid binding activity; and translation repressor activity. Involved in several processes, including blastoderm segmentation; regulation of gene expression; and torso signaling pathway. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including anterior endoderm anlage; egg chamber; foregut anlage in statu nascendi; germline cell; and ovary. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 84A5-84A5; 3-48 cM

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3R	NT_033777.3 (6755842..6759466, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3R	NT_033777.2 (2581564..2585188, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Quantitative Analysis of the Dynamics of Maternal Gradients in the Early Drosophila Embryo.
Title: Quantitative Analysis of the Dynamics of Maternal Gradients in the Early Drosophila Embryo.
Modulating the bicoid gradient in space and time.
Title: Modulating the bicoid gradient in space and time.
Suboptimal Intermediates Underlie Evolution of the Bicoid Homeodomain.
Title: Suboptimal Intermediates Underlie Evolution of the Bicoid Homeodomain.
Bicoid-Dependent Activation of the Target Gene hunchback Requires a Two-Motif Sequence Code in a Specific Basal Promoter.
Title: Bicoid-Dependent Activation of the Target Gene hunchback Requires a Two-Motif Sequence Code in a Specific Basal Promoter.
Bicoid gradient formation mechanism and dynamics revealed by protein lifetime analysis has been reported.
Title: Bicoid gradient formation mechanism and dynamics revealed by protein lifetime analysis.
Findings show that both factors form dynamic subnuclear hubs, and that Bicoid binding is enriched within Zelda hubs.
Title: Dynamic multifactor hubs interact transiently with sites of active transcription in Drosophila embryos.
These results indicate that two epistatically interacting mutations played a major role in the evolution of Bcd's controlling regulatory role in early development
Title: Ancient mechanisms for the evolution of the bicoid homeodomain's function in fly development.
NMR methodology was employed for determining the dynamics of lysine side-chain amino groups via (15)N relaxation measurements in the Lys50-class homeodomains from the Drosophila protein Bicoid and the human protein Pitx2
Title: Lysine Side-Chain Dynamics in the Binding Site of Homeodomain/DNA Complexes As Observed by NMR Relaxation Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.
These data support a model where Bcd influences chromatin structure to gain access to concentration-sensitive targets at high concentrations, while concentration-insensitive targets are found in more accessible chromatin and are bound at low concentrations.
Title: Concentration dependent chromatin states induced by the bicoid morphogen gradient.
The authors find that Bicoid transcriptional activity is dispensable for embryonic viability in the first hour after fertilization, but persistently required throughout the rest of the blastoderm stage. Short interruptions of Bicoid activity alter the most anterior cell fate decisions, while prolonged inactivation expands patterning defects from anterior to posterior.
Title: Decoding temporal interpretation of the morphogen Bicoid in the early Drosophila embryo.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables translation repressor activity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in anterior region determination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of translation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of translation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in oogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in segment polarity determination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in torso signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed