Trxr1 Thioredoxin reductase 1 [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Trxr1provided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: Thioredoxin reductase 1provided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0020653
Locus tag: Dmel_CG2151
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0020653
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 2151; anon-WO03040301.185; anon-WO03040301.187; CG2151; Dm-TrxR; Dmel\CG2151; DmTR; DmTrx; DmTrxR; dmtrxr-1; DmTrxR-1; DTR; dTrxR; dTXNRD; dTXNRD2; gr; Gr; GR; l(1)G0154; l(1)G0379; l(1)G0477; l(1)G0481; TH; TRR; Trx; Trxr; TrxR; trxr-1; Trxr-1; TrxR-1; trxr1; TrxR1; TRXR1
Summary: Enables protein homodimerization activity and thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity. Involved in cell redox homeostasis. Located in mitochondrion. Is expressed in adult brain; adult brain cell body rind; adult head; adult heart; and organism. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in familial glucocorticoid deficiency. Orthologous to human TXNRD2 (thioredoxin reductase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 7D22-7E1; 1-22 cM

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	X	NC_004354.4 (8242528..8248033)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	X	NC_004354.3 (8136561..8142066)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Overexpression of mitochondrial TXNRD2 in Drosophila melanogaster extended median lifespan in female flies with a small lifespan extension in males; in contrast, overexpression of the cytosolic form, TXNRD1, did not produce a lifespan extension.
Title: Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase 2 is elevated in long-lived primate as well as rodent species and extends fly mean lifespan.
Molecular orbital calculations suggested that the C-terminal hexapeptide Pro-Ala-Ser-Cys-Cys-Ser-OH functions as a redox center that alleviates the necessity for selenium in Dm-TrxR.
Title: Identification and conformer analysis of a novel redox-active motif, Pro-Ala-Ser-Cys-Cys-Ser, in Drosophila thioredoxin reductase by semiempirical molecular orbital calculation.
the role of Glu-469' in catalysis by DmTrxR
Title: Function of Glu-469' in the acid-base catalysis of thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster.
rates of steps in both the reductive and the oxidative half-reactions are markedly diminished in H464'Q thioredoxin reductase as compared to those of wild-type enzyme, indicating that His-464' is involved in both half-reactions
Title: Acid-base catalysis in the mechanism of thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster.
changing of His106 to asparagine, glutamine, and phenylalanine in various C-terminal mutants of Drosophila melanogaster thioredoxin reductase drops catalytic activity without change in pH profile
Title: The conserved histidine 106 of large thioredoxin reductases is likely to have a structural role but not a base catalyst function.
mitochondrial and cytoplasmic variants are both essential for viability
Title: Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase variants encoded by a single Drosophila gene are both essential for viability.
X-ray crystal structure of thioredoxin reductase at 2.4 A resolution; demonstrated that tetrapeptides equivalent to the oxidized C-terminal active sites of both mouse mitochondrial TR (mTR3) and DmTR are substrates for the truncated forms of both enzymes
Title: Structural and biochemical studies reveal differences in the catalytic mechanisms of mammalian and Drosophila melanogaster thioredoxin reductases.
redox potentials provide direct evidence for proposed catalytic mechanism of DmTrxR, & cast new light on essential role of DmTrx system in cycling GSSG/GSH & maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis in D. melanogaster without glutathione reductase.
Title: The relationship of the redox potentials of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster to the enzymatic mechanism: reduced thioredoxin is the reductant of glutathione in Drosophila.
analysis of the mechanism of high Mr thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster
Title: The mechanism of high Mr thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster.

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Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables antioxidant activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables antioxidant activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
NOT enables glutathione-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cell redox homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cell redox homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell redox homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in determination of adult lifespan	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: thioredoxin reductase 1

Names: CG2151-PA; CG2151-PB; CG2151-PC; CG2151-PD; Trxr1-PA; Trxr1-PB; Trxr1-PC; Trxr1-PD; disulfide reductase; glutathione reductase; thioredoxin reductase; thioredoxin reductase-1

NP_001368975.1

EC 1.-.-.-

EC 1.8.1.-

EC 1.8.1.9

NP_511082.2

EC 1.-.-.-

EC 1.8.1.-

EC 1.8.1.9

NP_727251.1

EC 1.-.-.-

EC 1.8.1.-

EC 1.8.1.9

NP_727252.1

EC 1.-.-.-

EC 1.8.1.-

EC 1.8.1.9

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

Range

8242528..8248033

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_078527.3 → NP_511082.2 thioredoxin reductase 1, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_511082.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P91938

Related

FBpp0071115

Conserved Domains (4) summary

TIGR01438
Location:8 → 490

TGR; thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein

pfam00070
Location:189 → 263

Pyr_redox; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase

pfam02852
Location:363 → 472

Pyr_redox_dim; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerization domain

cl21454
Location:10 → 45

NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins
NM_167149.2 → NP_727251.1 thioredoxin reductase 1, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_727251.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P91938, Q1RKZ0, Q53YG2, Q961E3, Q9W3H2, Q9W3H3

Related

FBpp0071116

Conserved Domains (4) summary

TIGR01438
Location:113 → 595

TGR; thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein

pfam00070
Location:294 → 368

Pyr_redox; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase

pfam02852
Location:468 → 577

Pyr_redox_dim; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerization domain

cl21454
Location:115 → 150

NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins
NM_167150.2 → NP_727252.1 thioredoxin reductase 1, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_727252.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P91938

Related

FBpp0071117

Conserved Domains (4) summary

TIGR01438
Location:25 → 507

TGR; thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein

pfam00070
Location:206 → 280

Pyr_redox; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase

pfam02852
Location:380 → 489

Pyr_redox_dim; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerization domain

cl21454
Location:27 → 62

NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins
NM_001382047.1 → NP_001368975.1 thioredoxin reductase 1, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A6H2EFX8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

TIGR01438
Location:42 → 524

TGR; thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein