Slc18a2 solute carrier family 18 member A2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Slc18a2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: solute carrier family 18 member A2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3694
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000008890 AllianceGenome:RGD:3694
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: MNAT; VMAT2; VMAT-2
Summary: Enables several functions, including amine transmembrane transporter activity; heat shock protein binding activity; and monoamine:proton antiporter activity. Involved in several processes, including aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle; neurotransmitter uptake; and signal release. Located in several cellular components, including neuronal cell body; secretory vesicle; and terminal bouton. Is active in dopaminergic synapse; postsynapse; and secretory vesicle. Used to study Parkinson's disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Biomarker of Machado-Joseph disease; Parkinson's disease; substance-related disorder; and toxic encephalopathy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Parkinson's disease and infantile parkinsonism-dystonia 2. Orthologous to human SLC18A2 (solute carrier family 18 member A2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Brain (RPKM 40.5), Spleen (RPKM 31.3) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1q55

Exon count:: 16

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	1	NC_086019.1 (268399815..268435229)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	1	NC_051336.1 (258413748..258449143)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	1	NC_005100.4 (280397831..280457968)

Chromosome 1 - NC_086019.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Differences in the expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes between vesicular monoamine transporter 1- and 2-immunoreactive glomus cells in the rat carotid body.
Title: Differences in the expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes between vesicular monoamine transporter 1- and 2-immunoreactive glomus cells in the rat carotid body.
Study identify mutants that alter the nature of the conformational equilibrium and mimic the protonated state of VMAT2. These mutants eliminate the requirement for a proton gradient normally necessary for reserpine binding and for reserpine inhibition of tetrabenazine binding.
Title: Emulating proton-induced conformational changes in the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 by mutagenesis.
Up-regulation of VMAT2 expression in aged male rats following chronic testosterone propionate treatment might be involved in the maintenance of dopaminergic function of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in aged male rats.
Title: Deficits in coordinated motor behavior and in nigrostriatal dopaminergic system ameliorated and VMAT2 expression up-regulated in aged male rats by administration of testosterone propionate.
Data suggest the involvement of VMAT2 in the thermoregulatory, behavioral, and neurotoxic effects of MDMA.
Title: Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and the acute and long-term response to 3,4-(±)-methylenedioxymethamphetamine.
Data suggest that expression of Vmat2 and Dat1 (dopamine transporter 1) in dopaminergic neurons in striatum can be down-regulated by dietary factors (here, ingestion of acrylamide, a food contaminant created by heating starchy foods).
Title: Acrylamide increases dopamine levels by affecting dopamine transport and metabolism related genes in the striatal dopaminergic system.
Rotenone induces dopamine neuron death through a series of sequential events including microtubule destabilization, JNK3 activation, VMAT2 inhibition, accumulation of cytosolic dopamine, and generation of ROS.
Title: JNK inhibition of VMAT2 contributes to rotenone-induced oxidative stress and dopamine neuron death.
These results demonstrate asymmetry in noradrenegic genes (Th, NET, and VMAT2) in the right and left stellate ganglia during stress and provide molecular evidence to help explain the difference in response to the stress.
Title: Differential expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and transporters in the right and left stellate ganglion of socially isolated rats.
Oxytocin treatment increases catecholamine content in the rat adrenal medulla modulating VMAT2 expression.
Title: Peripheral oxytocin treatment affects the rat adreno-medullary catecholamine content modulating expression of vesicular monoamine transporter 2.
contribution of distinct VGLUT3 and VMAT2 transporter expression induced by BDNF might be one of the mechanisms that BDNF regulates neuropathic pain
Title: The expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 3 and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro.
study provides convinced morphologic evidence that VMAT2 is not present in beta cells
Title: New perspectives of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 chemical characteristics in mammals and its constant expression in type 1 diabetes rat models.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH94742 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119989

D1Bda65 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:239818

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables amine transmembrane transporter activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables enzyme binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables heat shock protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables heterocyclic compound binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables monoamine:proton antiporter activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables monoamine:proton antiporter activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables monoamine:proton antiporter activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables serotonin:sodium:chloride symporter activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to ammonium ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in endocytic recycling	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in histamine secretion by mast cell	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in histamine secretion by mast cell	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in histamine uptake	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in histamine uptake	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in histamine uptake	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in insulin secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in locomotory behavior	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within locomotory behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in monoamine transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neurotransmitter transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in post-embryonic development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within post-embryonic development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in proton transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to amphetamine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to amphetamine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to amphetamine	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to cocaine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to corticosterone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to herbicide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to metal ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to starvation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to toxic substance	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to toxic substance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to zinc ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in serotonin secretion by mast cell	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in serotonin secretion by mast cell	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in serotonin uptake	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in serotonin uptake	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in serotonin uptake	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in serotonin uptake	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in somato-dendritic dopamine secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in xenobiotic transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in axon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in axon terminus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell projection	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in centrosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in centrosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendrite	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in dense core granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in dopaminergic synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in dopaminergic synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in dopaminergic synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in postsynapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in secretory granule membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synaptic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in synaptic vesicle membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in terminal bouton	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in terminal bouton	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: synaptic vesicular amine transporter

Names: Solute carrier family 18 A2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2); VAT2; monoamine transporter; solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine transporter), member 2; solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2; solute carrier family 18 member 2; vesicular amine transporter 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_013031.2 → NP_037163.1 synaptic vesicular amine transporter

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_037163.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q01827, Q9QVP1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0G2JSJ6, A6JI82

Related

ENSRNOP00000011983.1, ENSRNOT00000011983.4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd17384
Location:124 → 472

MFS_SLC18A1_2_VAT1_2; Vesicular amine transporters 1 (VAT1) and 2 (VAT2), and similar transporters of the Major Facilitator Superfamily

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086019.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

268399815..268435229

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006231664.5 → XP_006231726.1 synaptic vesicular amine transporter isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006231726.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q01827, Q9QVP1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0G2JSJ6, A6JI82

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd17384
Location:124 → 472

MFS_SLC18A1_2_VAT1_2; Vesicular amine transporters 1 (VAT1) and 2 (VAT2), and similar transporters of the Major Facilitator Superfamily