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    par-2 RING-type domain-containing protein [ Caenorhabditis elegans ]

    Gene ID: 175275, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    par-2
    Official Full Name
    RING-type domain-containing protein
    Primary source
    WormBase:WBGene00003917
    Locus tag
    CELE_F58B6.3
    See related
    AllianceGenome:WB:WBGene00003917
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Caenorhabditis elegans (strain: Bristol N2)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae; Caenorhabditis
    Summary
    Enables microtubule binding activity; phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding activity; and protein kinase binding activity. Involved in asymmetric cell division; asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination; and establishment of mitotic spindle orientation. Located in P granule and posterior cell cortex. Part of protein-containing complex. Is expressed in several structures, including EMS; P0; Psub1; germ line; and oocyte. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
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    Genomic context

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    See par-2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: III
    Exon count:
    11
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: III; NC_003281.10 (1081395..1095082)

    Chromosome III - NC_003281.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Ras-related protein Rab-18 Neighboring gene KNL (kinetochore null) Binding Protein Neighboring gene Uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003281.10

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. A portable, low-cost device for precise control of specimen temperature under stereomicroscopes. Testa ND, et al. PLoS One, 2020. PMID 32160236, Free PMC Article
    2. Acute heat shock leads to cortical domain internalization and polarity loss in the C. elegans embryo. Singh D, et al. Genesis, 2016 Apr. PMID 26934337
    3. Coupling of rotational cortical flow, asymmetric midbody positioning, and spindle rotation mediates dorsoventral axis formation in C. elegans. Singh D, et al. Dev Cell, 2014 Feb 10. PMID 24525186
    4. The oogenic germline starvation response in C. elegans. Seidel HS, et al. PLoS One, 2011. PMID 22164230, Free PMC Article
    5. The PAR network: redundancy and robustness in a symmetry-breaking system. Motegi F, et al. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2013. PMID 24062581, Free PMC Article

    See all (194) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. PP1 phosphatases control PAR-2 localization and polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos.
      Title: PP1 phosphatases control PAR-2 localization and polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos.
    2. a Rho GEF, ECT-2, acts downstream of AIR-1 in regulating contractility and PAR-2 localisation, and AIR-1 depletion influences ECT-2 cortical localisation
      Title: Centrosome Aurora A regulates RhoGEF ECT-2 localisation and ensures a single PAR-2 polarity axis in C. elegans embryos.
    3. Cortical polarity of PAR-2 is maintained by exchange rate kinetics at the cortical-cytoplasmic boundary.
      Title: Cortical Polarity of the RING Protein PAR-2 Is Maintained by Exchange Rate Kinetics at the Cortical-Cytoplasmic Boundary.
    4. Data indicate that a positive correlation between SRC-1 and the on-rate of PAR-2 is the essential mechanism underlying polarity reversal.
      Title: Positioning of polarity formation by extracellular signaling during asymmetric cell division.
    5. LGL-1 and PAR-2 affect cortical myosin distribution.
      Title: PAR-2, LGL-1 and the CDC-42 GAP CHIN-1 act in distinct pathways to maintain polarity in the C. elegans embryo.
    6. evidence PAR polarity arises from coupling of advective transport by flowing cell cortex to a multistable PAR reaction-diffusion system; advection in active, flowing medium provides mechanism for mechanically templated pattern formation in development
      Title: Polarization of PAR proteins by advective triggering of a pattern-forming system.
    7. PAR-2 and PAR-6, which localize to opposing PAR domains, undergo exchange between well mixed cytoplasmic populations and laterally diffusing membrane-associated states
      Title: PAR proteins diffuse freely across the anterior-posterior boundary in polarized C. elegans embryos.
    8. Overexpression of LGL-1 is sufficient to rescue loss of PAR-2 function.
      Title: The C. elegans homolog of Drosophila Lethal giant larvae functions redundantly with PAR-2 to maintain polarity in the early embryo.
    9. PAR-2 localization during the asymmetric P2 and P3 divisions is controlled by extracellular signals via MES-1/SRC-1 signaling
      Title: Extracellular control of PAR protein localization during asymmetric cell division in the C. elegans embryo.
    10. Polarity in the C. elegans zygote is initiated by redundant ECT-2- and PAR-2-dependent mechanisms that lower PAR-3 levels locally, triggering a positive-feedback loop that polarizes the entire cortex.
      Title: Symmetry breaking and polarization of the C. elegans zygote by the polarity protein PAR-2.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by WormBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables microtubule binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein kinase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables zinc ion binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in asymmetric cell division IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in establishment of cell polarity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in establishment of mitotic spindle orientation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein polyubiquitination ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in P granule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cell cortex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in posterior cell cortex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of protein-containing complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    RING-type domain-containing protein
    NP_001022630.2
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001368104.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001407525.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001407526.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001407527.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003281.10 Reference assembly

      Range
      1081395..1095082
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001420606.1 → NP_001407525.1  RING-type domain-containing protein [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8S4SQT8

    2. NM_001027459.7 → NP_001022630.2  RING-type domain-containing protein [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001022630.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q21610, Q965F9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PRK07429
      Location:364 → 409
      PRK07429; phosphoribulokinase; Provisional

    3. NM_001420609.1 → NP_001407527.1  RING-type domain-containing protein [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8S4SL65

    4. NM_001420607.1 → NP_001407526.1  RING-type domain-containing protein [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8S4SK97

    5. NM_001381725.1 → NP_001368104.1  RING-type domain-containing protein [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      H1ZUX3
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

    Gene LinkOut

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