U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from GEO Profiles

    • Showing Current items.

    gld-2 PAP-associated domain-containing protein;Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2 [ Caenorhabditis elegans ]

    Gene ID: 172338, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    gld-2
    Official Full Name
    PAP-associated domain-containing protein;Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2
    Primary source
    WormBase:WBGene00001596
    Locus tag
    CELE_ZC308.1
    See related
    AllianceGenome:WB:WBGene00001596
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Caenorhabditis elegans (strain: Bristol N2)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae; Caenorhabditis
    Summary
    Enables poly(A) RNA polymerase activity. Involved in several processes, including cytosolic mRNA polyadenylation; positive regulation of meiosis I; and regulation of cell division. Located in P granule. Part of RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex. Is expressed in germ line; intestinal cell; oocyte; and pharynx. Orthologous to human TENT2 (terminal nucleotidyltransferase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    See gld-2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: I
    Exon count:
    22
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: I; NC_003279.8 (6369748..6386194)

    Chromosome I - NC_003279.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Protein FAM76A Neighboring gene F-box domain-containing protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene C2H2-type domain-containing protein Neighboring gene Uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003279.8

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Translational activation maintains germline tissue homeostasis during adulthood. Nousch M, et al. Worm, 2015 Jul-Sep. PMID 26430565, Free PMC Article
    2. Four KH domains of the C. elegans Bicaudal-C ortholog GLD-3 form a globular structural platform. Nakel K, et al. RNA, 2010 Nov. PMID 20823118, Free PMC Article
    3. Structural basis for the activation of the C. elegans noncanonical cytoplasmic poly(A)-polymerase GLD-2 by GLD-3. Nakel K, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015 Jul 14. PMID 26124149, Free PMC Article
    4. Role of GLD-3 in suppression of the germline stem cell fate. Mohammad A, et al. MicroPubl Biol, 2020 May 27. PMID 32550517, Free PMC Article
    5. Targeted translational regulation using the PUF protein family scaffold. Cooke A, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2011 Sep 20. PMID 21911377, Free PMC Article

    See all (86) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Structures of mammalian GLD-2 proteins reveal molecular basis of their functional diversity in mRNA and microRNA processing.
      Title: Structures of mammalian GLD-2 proteins reveal molecular basis of their functional diversity in mRNA and microRNA processing.
    2. investigate whether the functions of the cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase (cytoPAP) GLD-2 in C. elegans germ cells exclusively depend on its catalytic activity; findings highlight the enzymatic importance of noncanonical poly(A) polymerases and emphasize the pivotal role of poly(A) tail-centered cytoplasmic mRNA regulation in germ cell biology.
      Title: Polyadenylation is the key aspect of GLD-2 function in C. elegans.
    3. GLD-2 thus appears to have evolved specialized nucleotidyl-transferase properties that match the 3' end features of dormant cytoplasmic mRNAs
      Title: Structural basis for the activation of the C. elegans noncanonical cytoplasmic poly(A)-polymerase GLD-2 by GLD-3.
    4. The analyses suggest that GLD-2 activity mediates mRNA stability of many translationally repressed mRNAs.
      Title: The cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerases GLD-2 and GLD-4 promote general gene expression via distinct mechanisms.
    5. Data suggest that the FBF-2/GLD-2 protein directed polyadenylation of the endogenous mRNA, compensating for that mRNA's natural deadenylation.
      Title: Targeted translational regulation using the PUF protein family scaffold.
    6. Data suggest that the GLD-2/RNP-8 enzyme is a broad-spectrum regulator of the oogenesis program that acts within an RNA regulatory network to specify and produce fully functional oocytes.
      Title: GLD-2/RNP-8 cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase is a broad-spectrum regulator of the oogenesis program.
    7. FBF can affect polyadenylation either negatively by its CCF-1 interaction or positively by its GLD-2 interaction in control of GLD1 expression.
      Title: FBF and its dual control of gld-1 expression in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline.
    8. In C. elegans hermaphrodites, gamete production begins with spermatogenesis and transitions later to oogenesis; the combinatorial use of GLD-2 contributes to this transition, as GLD-2/GLD-3 promotes spermatogenesis, and GLD-2/RNP-8 specifies oogenesis.
      Title: Antagonism between GLD-2 binding partners controls gamete sex.
    9. GLD-4 is predominantly expressed in germ cells, and its activity is essential for early meiotic progression of male and female gametes in the absence of GLD-2
      Title: Two conserved regulatory cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerases, GLD-4 and GLD-2, regulate meiotic progression in C. elegans.
    10. Regulates Gld-1 messenger RNA in germ cells, enabling the transition from mitosis to meiosis.
      Title: The GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase activates gld-1 mRNA in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by WormBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables poly(A) RNA polymerase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables poly(A) RNA polymerase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables poly(A) RNA polymerase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in RNA 3'-end processing IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cytosolic mRNA polyadenylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in mRNA processing IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in meiotic cell cycle IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in nucleus organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of meiosis I IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell division IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in P granule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    part_of protein-containing complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    PAP-associated domain-containing protein;Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2
    NP_001021844.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001300477.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001300478.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_491841.2
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_491842.2
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003279.8 Reference assembly

      Range
      6369748..6386194
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_059441.5 → NP_491842.2  Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_491842.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O17087, Q86S49, Q86S50, Q86S51
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd05402
      Location:569 → 687
      NT_PAP_TUTase; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of poly(A) polymerases and terminal uridylyl transferases
      pfam03828
      Location:780 → 814
      PAP_assoc; Cid1 family poly A polymerase
      pfam15502
      Location:32 → 120
      MPLKIP; M-phase-specific PLK1-interacting protein

    2. NM_001313548.3 → NP_001300477.1  PAP-associated domain-containing protein [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0K3AWQ7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      COG5260
      Location:266 → 546
      TRF4; DNA polymerase sigma [Replication, recombination and repair]

    3. NM_059440.5 → NP_491841.2  Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_491841.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O17087
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd05402
      Location:492 → 610
      NT_PAP_TUTase; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of poly(A) polymerases and terminal uridylyl transferases
      pfam03828
      Location:703 → 737
      PAP_assoc; Cid1 family poly A polymerase

    4. NM_001313549.3 → NP_001300478.1  PAP-associated domain-containing protein [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0K3ARE1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      COG5260
      Location:173 → 453
      TRF4; DNA polymerase sigma [Replication, recombination and repair]

    5. NM_001026673.3 → NP_001021844.1  Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001021844.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O17087
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd05402
      Location:327 → 445
      NT_PAP_TUTase; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of poly(A) polymerases and terminal uridylyl transferases
      pfam03828
      Location:538 → 572
      PAP_assoc; Cid1 family poly A polymerase
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O17087.2

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools