RAX retina and anterior neural fold homeobox [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: RAXprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: retina and anterior neural fold homeoboxprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:18662
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000134438 MIM:601881; AllianceGenome:HGNC:18662
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: RX; RAX1; MCOP3; MCOPS16
Summary: This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that functions in eye development. The gene is expressed early in the eye primordia, and is required for retinal cell fate determination and also regulates stem cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been reported in patients with defects in ocular development, including microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]
Expression: Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 18q21.32

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	18	NC_000018.10 (59267038..59273454, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	18	NC_060942.1 (59468558..59474973, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	18	NC_000018.9 (56934270..56940686, complement)

Chromosome 18 - NC_000018.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Construction and characterization of EGFP reporter plasmid harboring putative human RAX promoter for in vitro monitoring of retinal progenitor cells identity.
Title: Construction and characterization of EGFP reporter plasmid harboring putative human RAX promoter for in vitro monitoring of retinal progenitor cells identity.
combination of WES and homozygosity mapping identified a novel homozygous RAX mutation in a consanguineous family segregating with rarely reported asymmetrical coloboma. Clinical findings and genetic results support that RAX mutation is responsible for eye malformations.
Title: Unraveling the genetic cause of a consanguineous family with unilateral coloboma and retinoschisis: expanding the phenotypic variability of RAX mutations.
The three consanguineous Egyptian anophthalmia patients carry a novel homozygous c.543+3A>G mutation (IVS2+3A>G) in RAX.
Title: RAX and anophthalmia in humans: evidence of brain anomalies.
Photosensitive photoreceptor cells can be generated by combinations of transcription factors. The combination of CRX and RX generate immature photoreceptors: and additional NEUROD promotes maturation.
Title: Derivation of human differential photoreceptor-like cells from the iris by defined combinations of CRX, RX and NEUROD.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Mutational screening of CHX10, GDF6, OTX2, RAX and SOX2 genes in 50 unrelated microphthalmia-anophthalmia-coloboma (MAC) spectrum cases.
Mutations in the newly identified RAX regulatory sequence are not a frequent cause of micro/anophthalmia.
Title: Mutations in the newly identified RAX regulatory sequence are not a frequent cause of micro/anophthalmia.
A missense mutation in RX was observed in a patient with a small, typical chorioretinal coloboma, and postulate that the mutation is responsible for the patient's phenotype.
Title: Sequence alterations in RX in patients with microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma.
Mutations associated with recessive anophthalmos and sclerocornea.
Title: Mutations in the human RAX homeobox gene in a patient with anophthalmia and sclerocornea.

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Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Anophthalmia-microphthalmia syndrome MedGen: C5680330 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs
Isolated microphthalmia 3 MedGen: C5774181 OMIM: 611038 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	ISA Inferred from Sequence Alignment more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in camera-type eye development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in hypothalamus development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in limb development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in pattern specification process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in visual perception	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chromatin	ISA Inferred from Sequence Alignment more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: retinal homeobox protein Rx

Names: retina and anterior neural fold homeobox protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.