Crat carnitine acetyltransferase [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Cratprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: carnitine acetyltransferaseprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:109501
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000026853 AllianceGenome:MGI:109501
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: CARAT
Summary: Predicted to enable acyl-CoA oxidase activity and carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked and fatty acid metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; genitourinary system; respiratory system; and sensory organ. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Orthologous to human CRAT (carnitine O-acetyltransferase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Broad expression in testis adult (RPKM 140.8), heart adult (RPKM 116.2) and 20 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2 B; 2 21.69 cM

Exon count:: 17

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	2	NC_000068.8 (30290483..30305602, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	2	NC_000068.7 (30400476..30416017, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

CRAT links cholesterol metabolism to innate immune responses in the heart.
Title: CRAT links cholesterol metabolism to innate immune responses in the heart.
The Regulators of Peroxisomal Acyl-Carnitine Shuttle CROT and CRAT Promote Metastasis in Melanoma.
Title: The Regulators of Peroxisomal Acyl-Carnitine Shuttle CROT and CRAT Promote Metastasis in Melanoma.
we modeled mitochondrial overload by creating mice lacking the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) in the proximal tubules, thus limiting a primary mechanism to export carbons under conditions of substrate excess. Mice developed tubular disease and, interestingly, secondary glomerulosclerosis. This was accompanied by increased levels of apoptosis, fibrosis and oxidative stress.
Title: Proximal Tubular Cell-Specific Ablation of Carnitine Acetyltransferase Causes Tubular Disease and Secondary Glomerulosclerosis.
AgRP neurons require Crat to provide the metabolic flexibility to optimize nutrient partitioning and regulate peripheral substrate utilization, particularly during fasting and refeeding.
Title: AgRP Neurons Require Carnitine Acetyltransferase to Regulate Metabolic Flexibility and Peripheral Nutrient Partitioning.
Crat within AgRP neurons forms a component of the homeostatic response to restricted feeding but is not likely to be a molecular component of Food-entrainable oscillator.
Title: Carnitine Acetyltransferase in AgRP Neurons Is Required for the Homeostatic Adaptation to Restricted Feeding in Male Mice.
Presence of a cytosolic CrAT with a low Km for CoA, favoring the formation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA, providing an additional source to the classical ATP-citrate lyase pathway; there is an inverse relation between CrAT and the ratio of acetyl-CoA/CoA as evident in conditions affecting the regulation of cardiac energy metabolism.
Title: Cytosolic carnitine acetyltransferase as a source of cytosolic acetyl-CoA: a possible mechanism for regulation of cardiac energy metabolism.
Studies revealed that ablation of CrAT in myeloid lineage cells did not impact glucose homeostasis, insulin-action, adipose tissue leukocytosis, and inflammation when animals were confronted with a variety of metabolic stressors, including high-fat diet, fasting, or LPS-induced acute endotoxemia.
Title: Carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) expression in macrophages is dispensable for nutrient stress sensing and inflammation.
Crat-mediated acetyl group buffering is essential for optimal exercise performance.
Title: Carnitine Acetyltransferase Mitigates Metabolic Inertia and Muscle Fatigue during Exercise.
The predicted full length cDNA sequence of the porcine CRAT gene was characterised and a new 5' variant for dog, rat and mouse was proposed.
Title: The carnitine acetyltransferase gene (CRAT): a characterization of porcine transcripts with insights into the 5'-end variants of mammalian transcripts and their possible sub-cellular localization.
structural model for L-CPT I (liver CPT I), based on the similarity of this enzyme to the recently crystallized mouse carnitine acetyltransferase
Title: Structural model of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I based on the carnitine acetyltransferase crystal.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (2)
Targeted (1) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

AW107812 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:178598

Crat (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506820

X85983 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:163277

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables acyl-CoA oxidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables acyl-CoA oxidase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in fatty acid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in short-chain fatty acid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in short-chain fatty acid metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrion	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in peroxisome	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in peroxisome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in peroxisome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: carnitine O-acetyltransferase

Names: CAT; carnitine acetylase

NP_001407004.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

NP_001407005.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

NP_001407006.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

NP_001407007.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

NP_001407008.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

NP_031786.2

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

XP_006497709.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

XP_006497710.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

XP_030102925.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

XP_030102930.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

XP_030102931.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

XP_030102932.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

XP_036013843.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

XP_036013849.1

EC 2.3.1.137

EC 2.3.1.7

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001420075.1 → NP_001407004.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform b

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL954299, AL954388
NM_001420076.1 → NP_001407005.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform c

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL954299, AL954388
NM_001420077.1 → NP_001407006.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform d

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL954299, AL954388

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H7BX88
NM_001420078.1 → NP_001407007.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform d

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL954299, AL954388

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H7BX88
NM_001420079.1 → NP_001407008.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform e

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL954299
NM_007760.4 → NP_031786.2 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform a

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_031786.2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL954299, AL954388

Consensus CDS

CCDS15882.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47934, Q3TCG3, Q3V1Y3, Q923A6

Related

ENSMUSP00000028207.7, ENSMUST00000028207.13

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00755
Location:35 → 615

Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

RNA

NR_185129.1 RNA Sequence

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL954299, AL954388

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000068.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

30290483..30305602 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006497647.2 → XP_006497710.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X4

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006497710.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00755
Location:14 → 599

Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
XM_030247070.1 → XP_030102930.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H7BX88

Related

ENSMUSP00000099918.4, ENSMUST00000102854.10

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00755
Location:14 → 594

Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
XM_030247071.1 → XP_030102931.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00755
Location:23 → 545

Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
XM_030247065.1 → XP_030102925.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00755
Location:35 → 615

Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
XM_036157950.1 → XP_036013843.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00755
Location:14 → 599

Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
XM_036157956.1 → XP_036013849.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00755
Location:23 → 540

Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
XM_030247072.2 → XP_030102932.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00755
Location:23 → 545

Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
XM_006497646.5 → XP_006497709.1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00755
Location:35 → 620

Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase