Slc18a2 solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Slc18a2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:106677
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000025094 AllianceGenome:MGI:106677
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Vmat2; 9330105E13; 1110037L13Rik
Summary: Predicted to enable several functions, including amine transmembrane transporter activity; heat shock protein binding activity; and monoamine transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in histamine secretion by mast cell; neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle; and serotonin secretion by mast cell. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including locomotory behavior; response to amphetamine; and response to toxic substance. Located in synaptic vesicle membrane. Is active in dopaminergic synapse. Is expressed in several structures, including adrenal gland; alimentary system; eye; integumental system; and nervous system. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Parkinson's disease; infantile parkinsonism-dystonia 2; and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human SLC18A2 (solute carrier family 18 member A2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in ovary adult (RPKM 36.9), whole brain E14.5 (RPKM 10.7) and 5 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 19 D3; 19 54.64 cM

Exon count:: 16

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	19	NC_000085.7 (59249310..59284444)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	19	NC_000085.6 (59260878..59296012)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000085.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

PLCgamma1 in dopamine neurons critically regulates striatal dopamine release via VMAT2 and synapsin III.
Title: PLCγ1 in dopamine neurons critically regulates striatal dopamine release via VMAT2 and synapsin III.
Targeting barrel field spiny stellate cells using a vesicular monoaminergic transporter 2-Cre mouse line.
Title: Targeting barrel field spiny stellate cells using a vesicular monoaminergic transporter 2-Cre mouse line.
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 mediates fear behavior in mice.
Title: Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 mediates fear behavior in mice.
VMAT2 Safeguards beta-Cells Against Dopamine Cytotoxicity Under High-Fat Diet-Induced Stress.
Title: VMAT2 Safeguards β-Cells Against Dopamine Cytotoxicity Under High-Fat Diet-Induced Stress.
Reduced VMAT2 expression impairs the neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and olfactory bulb.
Title: Reduced VMAT2 expression exacerbates the hyposmia in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease.
This study highlights a non-cytotoxic role of dopamine in a genetic model of VMAT2 deletion exclusively in nigrostriatal neurons.
Title: Genetic elimination of dopamine vesicular stocks in the nigrostriatal pathway replicates Parkinson's disease motor symptoms without neuronal degeneration in adult mice.
results confirm the role of VMAT2 in the protection of vulnerable nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and may also provide new insight into the side effects of L-DOPA treatments in Parkinson's disease
Title: Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) Level Regulates MPTP Vulnerability and Clearance of Excess Dopamine in Mouse Striatal Terminals.
Study identified an importance for VMAT2-mediated neurotransmission in mediating hedonic feeding and binge-like eating behavior, providing novel insight on the interactive roles of leptin and dopamine, two of the most extensively studied brain systems, in obesity development.
Title: VMAT2-Mediated Neurotransmission from Midbrain Leptin Receptor Neurons in Feeding Regulation.
In vivo imaging of the striatal vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) distribution using 18F-FP-(+)-DTBZ animal PET is a useful method to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic drugs i.e., magnolol, for the management of Parkinson's disease .
Title: Quantitative analysis of the therapeutic effect of magnolol on MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease using in vivo 18F-9-fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine PET imaging.
Intravenous use of a psychostimulant drug containing methcathinone (ephedrone) and manganese causes an irreversible extrapyramidal syndrome; study reproduced the syndrome in mice to evaluate dopaminergic damage. Increased [(11)C]dihydrotetrabenazine binding may indicate vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) function is altered.
Title: Increased striatal VMAT2 binding in mice after chronic administration of methcathinone and manganese.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (32)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (2)
Targeted (8) 1 citation

General gene information

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Markers

AW228944 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:181264

AV329468 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:181265

Slc18a2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144414

Slc18a2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:465495

Slc18a2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:507226

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables amine transmembrane transporter activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables enzyme binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables heat shock protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables heterocyclic compound binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables monoamine:proton antiporter activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables monoamine:proton antiporter activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables serotonin:sodium:chloride symporter activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in histamine secretion by mast cell	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in histamine uptake	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in histamine uptake	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in insulin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within locomotory behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in monoamine transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neurotransmitter transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within post-embryonic development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in proton transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to amphetamine	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to toxic substance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in serotonin secretion by mast cell	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in serotonin uptake	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in serotonin uptake	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in somato-dendritic dopamine secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in somato-dendritic dopamine secretion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in xenobiotic transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in axon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in axon	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in axon terminus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cell projection	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in centrosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in centrosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendrite	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendrite	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in dense core granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in dopaminergic synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in dopaminergic synapse	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
is_active_in dopaminergic synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in postsynapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in secretory granule membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in secretory granule membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in synaptic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in synaptic vesicle membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in synaptic vesicle membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in terminal bouton	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in terminal bouton	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: synaptic vesicular amine transporter

Names: VAT2; monoamine transporter; solute carrier family 18 member 2; vesicular amine transporter 2; vesicular monoamine transporter 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_172523.3 → NP_766111.1 synaptic vesicular amine transporter

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_766111.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC139040, AK033871, AK035644, AV328655

Consensus CDS

CCDS29935.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8BRU6, Q8CC55

Related

ENSMUSP00000026084.4, ENSMUST00000026084.5

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd06174
Location:297 → 474

MFS; The Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) is a large and diverse group of secondary transporters that includes uniporters, symporters, and antiporters. MFS proteins facilitate the transport across cytoplasmic or internal membranes of a variety of ...

TIGR00880
Location:135 → 276

2_A_01_02; Multidrug resistance protein

pfam07690
Location:133 → 440

MFS_1; Major Facilitator Superfamily