Pthlh parathyroid hormone-like hormone [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Pthlhprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: parathyroid hormone-like hormoneprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3441
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000069267 AllianceGenome:RGD:3441
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: PLP
Summary: Enables hormone activity. Involved in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in Golgi apparatus; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in brachydactyly type E2. Orthologous to human PTHLH (parathyroid hormone like hormone). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Muscle (RPKM 12.1), Spleen (RPKM 7.5) and 7 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q44

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (181919400..181930454, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (180188792..180199847, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (181663425..181674181, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Mutational analyses including insertion of a glycosylation site for the tagged PTHrP revealed that the evolutionarily conserved regions in the signal peptide and the pro-region facilitate the redirection of ppPTHrP from the secretory pathway to the nuclear targeting pathway.
Title: Localization and ER membrane insertion of parathyroid hormone-related protein analyzed without effects of reporter proteins.
PTHLH-mediated PTH1R-PKC theta; pathway activation is a key event in the profibrotic Hh-dependent activation of HSCs
Title: Parathyroid hormone-related protein activates HSCs via hedgehog signalling during liver fibrosis development.
PTHrP (1-40) stimulates calcium uptake via PTHR1 receptor and PKC alpha/beta signaling pathway in rat enterocytes, and calcium transporters TRPV6 and CaBP-D9k are necessary for this stimulatory effect.
Title: Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (1-40) Enhances Calcium Uptake in Rat Enterocytes Through PTHR1 Receptor and Protein Kinase Cα/β Signaling.
These results indicate that the well-conserved region in the signal peptide plays an essential role in the dual localization of PTHrP through ER targeting and/or the membrane translocation.
Title: Evolutionary well-conserved region in the signal peptide of parathyroid hormone-related protein is critical for its dual localization through the regulation of ER translocation.
fluoride might be able to affect calcium homeostasis by regulating PTH, PTHrP, and CaSR
Title: Fluoride Affects Calcium Homeostasis by Regulating Parathyroid Hormone, PTH-Related Peptide, and Calcium-Sensing Receptor Expression.
Results show the expression of PTHrP and its receptor, PTHR1, in the majority of neurons and glial cells in the SCG of rats. Expression of PTHrP, but not PTHR1 in the cytoplasm of SCG neurons is influenced by ovarian activity.
Title: Expression of PTHrP and PTH/PTHrP receptor 1 in the superior cervical ganglia of rats.
Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats manifested a premature increase in chondrocyte apoptosis in the growth plate, and a compensatory overexpression of chondroregulatory proteins, such as PTHrP, Runx2, and VEGF.
Title: Premature chondrocyte apoptosis and compensatory upregulation of chondroregulatory protein expression in the growth plate of Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats.
Pthlh is a promising candidate modifier gene in the development and progression of rat tongue cancers.
Title: Pthlh, a promising cancer modifier gene in rat tongue carcinogenesis.
The activation of Wnt or BMP4 pathways in rat XEN cells leads to the acquisition of VE characteristics, whereas the activation of the PTHRP/cAMP pathway leads to EMT and the formation of PE.
Title: Activation of the PTHRP/adenylate cyclase pathway promotes differentiation of rat XEN cells into parietal endoderm, whereas Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes differentiation into visceral endoderm.
Data indicate that PTH1R and PTHrP were more predominantly expressed in smooth muscle than in urothelium.
Title: PTHrP is endogenous relaxant for spontaneous smooth muscle contraction in urinary bladder of female rat.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (27)

General gene information

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Markers

RH130039 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:213327

Pthlh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:279422

RH94501 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119749

D4Wox11 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:117973

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables hormone activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptide hormone receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables peptide hormone receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptide hormone receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables peptide hormone receptor binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in bone mineralization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
NOT acts_upstream_of_or_within bone mineralization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of bone mineralization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of chondrocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within endochondral ossification	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within endoderm development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within lung alveolus development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within lung epithelial cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within mammary gland bud elongation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of chondrocyte development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of chondrocyte development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within nipple sheath formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in osteoblast development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within osteoblast development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in osteoblast development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein processing	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in skeletal system development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within skeletal system development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within surfactant homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: parathyroid hormone-related protein

Names: PTH-rP; PTHrP; parathyroid hormone-like peptide; parathyroid hormone-like protein; parathyroid-like peptide

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.